Hystrix服务熔断以及服务监控Dashboard

服务雪崩效应

服务雪崩效应是一种因“服务提供者的不可用”（原因）导致“服务调用者不可用”（结果），并将不可用逐渐放大的现象。
通俗来说在微服务中就是当一个服务器宕机了的时候，渐渐会影响到其他的服务器，慢慢导致其他服务器也宕机，这就是雪崩效应

服务雪崩的过程可以分为三个阶段：

服务提供者（生产者）不可用；
重试加大请求流量；
服务调用者不可用；

服务雪崩的每个阶段都可能由不同的原因造成

服务断融

Hystrix断路器简介

hystrix对应的中文名字是“豪猪”，豪猪周身长满了刺，能保护自己不受天敌的伤害，代表了一种防御机制，这与hystrix本身的功能不谋而合，因此Netflix团队将该框架命名为Hystrix，并使用了对应的卡通形象做作为logo。

microservice-student-provider-hystrix-1004

pom依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>com.liuxia</groupId>
        <artifactId>t226_microservice</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>

    <groupId>com.liuxia</groupId>
    <artifactId>microservice-student-provider-hystrix-1004</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>microservice-student-provider-hystrix-1004</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--  修改后立即生效，热部署  -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>springloaded</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--添加注册中心Eureka相关配置-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!-- actuator监控引入 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.liuxia</groupId>
            <artifactId>microservice-common</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
            <scope>compile</scope>
        </dependency>

        <!-- actuator监控引入 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>


        <!--Hystrix相关依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-hystrix</artifactId>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>


</project>

application.yml

server:
  port: 1004
  context-path: /
spring:
  datasource:
    type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/t226_layui?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8
    username: root
    password: 123
  jpa:
    hibernate:
      ddl-auto: update
    show-sql: true
  application:
    name: microservice-student
  profiles: provider-hystrix-1004

eureka:
  instance:
    hostname: localhost
    appname: microservice-student
    instance-id: microservice-student:1004
    prefer-ip-address: true
  client:
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://eureka2001.liuxia.com:2001/eureka/,http://eureka2002.liuxia.com:2002/eureka/,http://eureka2003.liuxia.com:2003/eureka/

hystrix:
  command:
    default:
      execution:
        isolation:
          thread:
            timeoutInMilliseconds: 3000



info:
  groupId: com.liuxia.testSpringcloud
  artifactId: microservice-student-provider-hystrix-1004
  version: 1.0-SNAPSHOT
  userName: http://liuxia.com
  phone: 123456

我们测试的方法就加在controller里

package com.liuxia.microservicestudentproviderhystrix1004.controller;
import com.liuxia.microservicecommon.entity.Student;

import com.liuxia.microservicestudentproviderhystrix1004.service.StudentService;
import com.netflix.hystrix.contrib.javanica.annotation.HystrixCommand;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/student")
public class StudentProviderController {
 
    @Autowired
    private StudentService studentService;
     
    @PostMapping(value="/save")
    public boolean save(Student student){
        try{
            studentService.save(student);  
            return true;
        }catch(Exception e){
            return false;
        }
    }
     
    @GetMapping(value="/list")
    public List<Student> list(){
        return studentService.list();
    }
     
    @GetMapping(value="/get/{id}")
    public Student get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
        return studentService.findById(id);
    }
     
    @GetMapping(value="/delete/{id}")
    public boolean delete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
        try{
            studentService.delete(id);
            return true;
        }catch(Exception e){
            return false;
        }
    }
    @Value("${server.port}")
    private String port;

    @RequestMapping("/ribbon")
    public String ribbon(){
        return "工号【"+port+"】正在为您服务";

    }

    /**
     * 测试Hystrix服务降级
     * @return
     * @throws InterruptedException
     */
    @ResponseBody
    @GetMapping(value="/hystrix")
    @HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod="hystrixFallback")
    public Map<String,Object> hystrix() throws InterruptedException{
       Thread.sleep(1000);
        Map<String,Object> map=new HashMap<String,Object>();
        map.put("code", 200);
        map.put("info","工号【"+port+"】正在为您服务");
        return map;
    }

    public Map<String,Object> hystrixFallback() throws InterruptedException{
        Map<String,Object> map=new HashMap<String,Object>();
        map.put("code", 500);
        map.put("info", "系统【"+port+"】繁忙，稍后重试");
        return map;
    }

}

启动类

package com.liuxia.microservicestudentproviderhystrix1004;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.domain.EntityScan;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.circuitbreaker.EnableCircuitBreaker;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;

@EnableCircuitBreaker
@EntityScan("com.liuxia.*.*")
@EnableEurekaClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class MicroserviceStudentProviderHystrix1004Application {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(MicroserviceStudentProviderHystrix1004Application.class, args);
    }

}

然后我们在消费者microservice-student-consumer-80的controller加上方法

    /**
     * 测试Hystrix服务降级
     * @return
     */
    @GetMapping(value="/hystrix")
    @ResponseBody
    public Map<String,Object> hystrix(){
        return restTemplate.getForObject(SERVER_IP_PORT+"/student/hystrix/", Map.class);
    }

我们输入测试地址**：http://localhost/student/hystrix**
然后就可以看到，我们用线程设置了等待时长2秒，而它默认的请求成功的时间就是1秒，所以它就会进入我们的错误处理方法，如果我们把线程去掉，它一样能够正常访问

我们可能觉得Hystrix的默认超时太短了，然后我们可以自己去设置一下
我们只需在对应工程的application.yml中配置，这里配置的是3秒

hystrix:
  command:
    default:
      execution:
        isolation:
          thread:
            timeoutInMilliseconds: 3000

Hystrix服务监控Dashboard

Hystrix服务监控Dashboard仪表盘
Hystrix提供了 准实时的服务调用监控项目Dashboard，能够实时记录通过Hystrix发起的请求执行情况，
可以通过图表的形式展现给用户看。

microservice-student-consumer-hystrix-dashboard-90

pom依赖

<!--Hystrix服务监控Dashboard依赖-->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-hystrix</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-hystrix-dashboard</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>

application.yml

server:
  port: 90
  context-path: /

然后在启动类加上注解：@EnableHystrixDashboard

我们就能访问监控页面了：http://localhost:90/hystrix

然后我们输入我们要监控的项目和方法路径
http://localhost:1004/student/hystrix

这里我们就能看到我们方法请求的状态
完啦…