MVC工作原理和增强

最新推荐文章于 2022-04-13 23:57:59 发布

南下专线

最新推荐文章于 2022-04-13 23:57:59 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_45176922/article/details/93378544

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1. 什么是MVC

MVC全名是Model View Controller，是模型(model)－视图(view)－控制器(controller)的缩写，
它是一种软件设计典范，用一种业务逻辑、数据、界面显示分离的方法组织代码

Model1 jsp+jdbc

Model2 ->MVC

核心思想：各司其职

2. MVC结构

V
jsp/ios/android
C
servlet/action
M
实体域模型(名词)
过程域模型(动词)

web 做浏览器请求分发
service 调用dao处理项目业务的
dao 操作数据库

注1：不能跨层调用
注2：只能出现由上而下的调用

3. 自定义MVC工作原理图

在这里插入图片描述
中央控制器(ActionServlet) 通过请求发出指令，命令对应的子控制器(Action)进行对请求的处理
中央控制器
中央控制器：查看是否有对应的子控制器来处理用户请求，如果就调用子控制器来处理请求；没有就报错，就处理不了请求

package com.qukang.framework;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import java.util.Set;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.apache.commons.beanutils.BeanUtils;

import com.qukang.web.Addction;
import com.qukang.web.Exceptaction;
import com.qukang.web.Minusction;
import com.qukang.web.Multiplication;
import com.sun.org.apache.xpath.internal.operations.Mult;
/**
 * 中央控制器
 * 作用:接受请求,通过请求的对应的子控制器
 * @author VULCAN
 *
 */
public class DispatcherServlet extends HttpServlet {


	private static final long serialVersionUID = 5304895244625871732L;
//	一个子控制器的集合
	private Map<String,Action> actionMap=new HashMap<>();
//	每次访问Servlet先执行init方法
	public void init(){
		actionMap.put("/addCal",new Addction());
		actionMap.put("/delCal",new Minusction());
		actionMap.put("/mluCal",new Multiplication());
		actionMap.put("/excCal",new Exceptaction());
	}
	@Override
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		doPost(req, resp);
	}
	@Override
	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		init();
		//拿到请求
		String url=req.getRequestURI();
		//比如  http://www.javaxl.com/login.jsp
		//利用substring进行截取
		url=url.substring(url.lastIndexOf("/"),url.lastIndexOf("."));
		//得到的是 /login
		//再通过map集合根据键来取值，找到子控制器
		Action action=actionMap.get(url);
		//在调用子控制器子类的方法
		action.execute(req, resp);
		} catch (Exception e) {
			// TODO: handle exception
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
}

子控制器
就是处理用户请求用的

package com.qukang.framework;

import java.io.IOException;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

/**
 * 子控制器
 * 作用:用来直接处理浏览器的请求
 * @author VULCAN
 *
 */
public interface Action {
	String execute(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp);
}

web.xml配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.1">
  <display-name>T226_mvc</display-name>
  <servlet>
  	<servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
  	//将中央控制器配置到xml文件
  	<servlet-class>com.qukang.framework.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
  	<servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
  	// 并将所有后缀为action结尾的请求进行处理
  	<url-pattern>*.action</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

方法类通过实现子控制器接口实现对用户求情的处理
例如数学的加法:

package com.qukang.web;

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import com.qukang.entity.Cal;
import com.qukang.framework.Action;

public class Addction implements Action {

	@Override
	public String execute(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp){
		String num1=req.getParameter("num1");
		String num2=req.getParameter("num2");
		Cal cal=new Cal(Integer.valueOf(num1),Integer.valueOf(num2));
		req.setAttribute("sum",cal.getNum1()+cal.getNum2());
		req.getRequestDispatcher(" Demo.jsp").forward(req, resp);
		return null;
	}
}

JSP页面

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
	<form  action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/addCal.action" method="post">
	num1<input type="text" name="num1" ><br>
	num2<input type="text" name="num2" ><br>
	<input type="submit" >
	</form>
</body>
</html>

在这里插入图片描述

5.通过XML对自定义mvc框架进行增强

5.1 将Action的信息配置到xml(反射实例化)
将所有的子控制器都配置到mvc.xml配置文件中
当你mvc.xml文件没有配置好对应的子控制器
在这里插入图片描述
5.2 通过结果码控制页面的跳转
通过子控制器返回的结果码控制页面的调整
当你forword中没有写redirect属性时，运行项目时，你在做重定向界面时不加上req.getContextPath()拿到他的项目名，可能会包404错误，因为没有项目名，找不到！并且，重定向不是请求，可能拿不到结果！！！！
在这里插入图片描述
5.3 将一组相关的操作放到一个Action中(反射调用方法)
原因:普通的子控制器只能处理用户的一个请求，增强版的子控值能处理多个用户的请求
将mvc.xml中的所有action集合成一个，创建一个增强版的子控制器，再通过参数传过来的方法名进入子控值器进行方法用；

5.4 利用ModelDriver接口对Java对象进行赋值(反射读写属性)
作用:将jsp请求的所有参数自动封装到浏览器所要操作的实体类中

5.5 使得框架的配置文件可变
作用:解决框架配置文件冲突的问题

注1：Action多例模式？因为Action的属性要用来接收参数
所需要的jar包:
在这里插入图片描述
直接上代码:
工具类：
工厂(ConfigModelFactory)

package com.qukang.framework;

import java.io.InputStream;

import java.util.List;

import org.dom4j.Document;
import org.dom4j.Element;
import org.dom4j.io.SAXReader;

public class ConfigModelFactory {
	private ConfigModelFactory() {

	}

	private static ConfigModel configModel = null;

	public static ConfigModel newInstance() throws Exception {
		return newInstance("mvc.xml");
	}

	/**
	 * 工厂模式创建config建模对象
	 * 
	 * @param path
	 * @return
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public static ConfigModel newInstance(String path) throws Exception {
		if (null != configModel) {
			return configModel;
		}

		ConfigModel configModel = new ConfigModel();
		InputStream is = ConfigModelFactory.class.getResourceAsStream(path);
		SAXReader saxReader = new SAXReader();
		Document doc = saxReader.read(is);
		List<Element> actionEleList = doc.selectNodes("/config/action");
		ActionModel actionModel = null;
		ForwardModel forwardModel = null;
		for (Element actionEle : actionEleList) {
			 actionModel = new ActionModel();
			actionModel.setPath(actionEle.attributeValue("path"));
			actionModel.setType(actionEle.attributeValue("type"));
			List<Element> forwordEleList = actionEle.selectNodes("forward");
			for (Element forwordEle : forwordEleList) {
				forwardModel = new ForwardModel();
				forwardModel.setName(forwordEle.attributeValue("name"));
				forwardModel.setPath(forwordEle.attributeValue("path"));
				forwardModel.setRedirect(forwordEle.attributeValue("redirect"));
				actionModel.put(forwardModel);
			}

			configModel.put(actionModel);
		}

		return configModel;
	}
	
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		try {
			ConfigModel configModel = ConfigModelFactory.newInstance();
			ActionModel actionModel = configModel.get("/loginAction");
			ForwardModel forwardModel = actionModel.get("failed");
			System.out.println(actionModel.getType());
			System.out.println(forwardModel.getPath());
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
}

用来描述mvc.xml配置文件中的config标签(ConfigModel)

package com.qukang.framework;

import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * 用来描述config标签
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
public class ConfigModel implements Serializable{

	private static final long serialVersionUID = -2334963138078250952L;
	
	private Map<String, ActionModel> actionModels = new HashMap<String, ActionModel>();
	
	public void put(ActionModel actionModel){
		actionModels.put(actionModel.getPath(), actionModel);
	}
	
	public ActionModel get(String name){
		return actionModels.get(name);
	}
	
}

用来描述mvc.xml配置文件中的action标签(ActionModel)

package com.qukang.framework;

import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * 用来描述action标签
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
public class ActionModel implements Serializable{

	private static final long serialVersionUID = 6145949994701469663L;
	
	private Map<String, ForwardModel> forwardModels = new HashMap<String, ForwardModel>();
	
	private String path;
	
	private String type;
	
	public String getPath() {
		return path;
	}

	public void setPath(String path) {
		this.path = path;
	}

	public String getType() {
		return type;
	}

	public void setType(String type) {
		this.type = type;
	}

	public void put(ForwardModel forwardModel){
		forwardModels.put(forwardModel.getName(), forwardModel);
	}
	
	public ForwardModel get(String name){
		return forwardModels.get(name);
	}
	
}

用来描述mvc.xml配置文件中的forward标签(ForwardModel)

package com.qukang.framework;

import java.io.Serializable;

/**
 * 用来描述forward标签
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
public class ForwardModel implements Serializable {

	private static final long serialVersionUID = -8587690587750366756L;

	private String name;
	private String path;
	private String redirect;

	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}

	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	public String getPath() {
		return path;
	}

	public void setPath(String path) {
		this.path = path;
	}

	public String getRedirect() {
		return redirect;
	}

	public void setRedirect(String redirect) {
		this.redirect = redirect;
	}

}

mvc.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<config>
 <!-- 加 -->
 <!--
	<action path="/addCal" type="com.qukang.web.Addction">
		<forward name="rs" path="/Demo1.jsp" redirect="false" />
	</action>
	  减
	<action path="/delCal" type="com.qukang.web.Minusction">
		<forward name="rs" path="/Demo1.jsp" redirect="false" />
	</action>
	  乘	
	<action path="/mluCal" type="com.qukang.web.Multiplication">
		<forward name="rs" path="/Demo1.jsp" redirect="false" />
	</action>
      除	
	<action path="/excCal" type="com.qukang.web.Exceptaction">
		<forward name="rs" path="/Demo1.jsp" />
	</action>
 -->
	<action path="/Cal" type="com.qukang.web.CalAction">
		<forward name="rs" path="/Demo1.jsp" redirect="false"  />
	</action>
</config>

中央控制器

package com.qukang.framework;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import java.util.Set;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.apache.commons.beanutils.BeanUtils;

import com.qukang.web.Addction;
import com.qukang.web.Exceptaction;
import com.qukang.web.Minusction;
import com.qukang.web.Multiplication;
import com.sun.org.apache.xpath.internal.operations.Mult;
/**
 * 中央控制器
 * 作用:接受请求,通过请求的对应的子控制器
 * @author VULCAN
 *
 */
public class DispatcherServlet extends HttpServlet {


	private static final long serialVersionUID = 5304895244625871732L;
//	在configModel对象中包含了所有的子控制器
	private ConfigModel configModel;
//	一个子控制器的集合
	private Map<String,Action> actionMap=new HashMap<>();
//	每次访问Servlet执行
	public void init(){
//		actionMap.put("/addCal",new Addction());
//		actionMap.put("/delCal",new Minusction());
//		actionMap.put("/mluCal",new Multiplication());
//		actionMap.put("/excCal",new Exceptaction());
		
		try {
 			String xmlPath=this.getInitParameter("xmlPath");
			if(xmlPath==null ||"".equals(xmlPath)) {
				configModel=ConfigModelFactory.newInstance();
			}else {
				configModel=ConfigModelFactory.newInstance(xmlPath);
			}
		} catch (Exception e) {
			// TODO: handle exception
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
	@Override
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		doPost(req, resp);
	}
	@Override
	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		init();
		String url=req.getRequestURI();
		url=url.substring(url.lastIndexOf("/"),url.lastIndexOf("."));
//		Action action=actionMap.get(url);
//		action.execute(req, resp);
		ActionModel actionModel = configModel.get(url);
//		可能没有配置子控制器  所有我们需要抛一下子异常
		if(actionModel ==null ) {
			throw new RuntimeException("你没有配置action标签，找不到对应的子控制器");
		}
		try {
			String type=actionModel.getType();
			Action action=(Action)Class.forName(type).newInstance();
			if(action instanceof ModelDrivern) {
				ModelDrivern drivern=(ModelDrivern)action;
				Object model = drivern.getModel();

//				将jsp传过来的参数封装到实体类中的原理原理  
//				代码体现  源码
//				此时的model的所有属性值都是null  
//				我们可以将req.getParameterMap()的值通过反射将其塞进model实例中
//				Map<String, String[]> parameterMap = req.getParameterMap();
//				Set<Entry<String, String[]>> entrySet = parameterMap.entrySet();
//				Class<? extends Object> clz = model.getClass();
//				for (Entry<String, String[]> entry : entrySet) {
//					Field field = clz.getField(entry.getKey());
//					field.setAccessible(true);
//					field.set(model, entry.getValue());
//				}

//				前任插秧，后人舒服   
				BeanUtils.populate(model, req.getParameterMap());
//				大大的减轻了代码量
			}
			String execute = action.execute(req, resp);
			
			ForwardModel forwardModel = actionModel.get(execute);
			if(forwardModel!=null) {
				String jspPath=forwardModel.getPath();
				if("false".equals(forwardModel.getRedirect())) {
					req.getRequestDispatcher(jspPath).forward(req, resp);
				}else {
					resp.sendRedirect(req.getContextPath()+jspPath);
				}
			}
		} catch (Exception e) {
			// TODO: handle exception
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
}

模型驱动接口:

package com.qukang.framework;
/**
 * 模型驱动接口
 *  作用是将jsp所有传递过来的参数都自动封装到浏览器所要操作的实体类型中
 * @author VULCAN
 *
 */
public interface ModelDrivern<T> {
	T getModel();
}

增强版的子控制器

package com.qukang.framework;

import java.lang.reflect.Method;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
/**
 * 增强版的子控制器
 * 	原来的子控制器只能处理一个用户的请求，有时候用户的请求时多个 ，但是都是操作同一张表，那么原有的子控制的代码编写繁琐
 *  增强版的作用就是将
 *  将一组的相关的操作放到一个Action中
 * @author VULCAN
 *
 */
public class ActionSupport implements Action {

	@Override
	public final String execute(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) {
		String methodName=req.getParameter("methodName");
		String code ="";
		try {
			Method m=this.getClass().getDeclaredMethod(methodName, HttpServletRequest.class,HttpServletResponse.class);
			code =(String) m.invoke(this,req,resp);
		} catch (Exception e) {
			// TODO: handle exception
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
		}
		return code;
	}

}

处理增强版子控制器传来的所有请求：
下面是数学中的加减乘除的方法

package com.qukang.web;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import com.qukang.entity.Cal;
import com.qukang.framework.ActionSupport;
import com.qukang.framework.ModelDrivern;
import com.sun.accessibility.internal.resources.accessibility;

public class CalAction extends ActionSupport implements ModelDrivern<Cal> {
	private Cal cal=new Cal();
	public String add(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp){
//		String num1=req.getParameter("num1");
//		String num2=req.getParameter("num2");
//		Cal cal=new Cal(Integer.valueOf(num1),Integer.valueOf(num2));
		req.setAttribute("sum",cal.getNum1()+cal.getNum2());
		return "rs";
	}
	public String min(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp){
//		String num1=req.getParameter("num1");
//		String num2=req.getParameter("num2");
//		Cal cal=new Cal(Integer.valueOf(num1),Integer.valueOf(num2));
		req.setAttribute("sum",cal.getNum1()-cal.getNum2());
		return "rs";
	}
	public String multip(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp){
//		String num1=req.getParameter("num1");
//		String num2=req.getParameter("num2");
//		Cal cal=new Cal(Integer.valueOf(num1),Integer.valueOf(num2));
		req.setAttribute("sum",cal.getNum1()*cal.getNum2());
		return "rs";
	}
	public String excep(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp){
//		String num1=req.getParameter("num1");
//		String num2=req.getParameter("num2");
//		Cal cal=new Cal(Integer.valueOf(num1),Integer.valueOf(num2));
		req.setAttribute("sum",cal.getNum1()/cal.getNum2());
		return "rs";
	}
	@Override
	public Cal getModel() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		return cal;
	}
}

JSP页面

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<script type="text/javascript">
	function dopost(num) {
		if(num==1){
			calForm.action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/Cal.action?methodName=add";
		}else if(num==2){
			calForm.action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/Cal.action?methodName=min";
		}else if(num==3){
			calForm.action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/Cal.action?methodName=multip";
		}else{
			calForm.action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/Cal.action?methodName=excep";
		}
		calForm.submit();
	}
</script>

<body>
	<form name="calForm" action="" method="post">
	num1<input type="text" name="num1" ><br>
	num2<input type="text" name="num2" ><br>
	<button onclick="dopost(1)">+</button>
	<button onclick="dopost(2)">-</button>
	<button onclick="dopost(3)">*</button>
	<button onclick="dopost(4)">/</button>
	</form>
</body>
</html>

解决框架配置文件冲突的问题

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.1">
  <display-name>T226_mvc</display-name>
  <servlet>
  	<servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
  	<servlet-class>com.qukang.framework.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
 	<init-param>
 		<param-name>xmlPath</param-name>
 		<param-value>/mvc3.xml</param-value>
 	</init-param>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
  	<servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
  	<url-pattern>*.action</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

如果得到的xmlpath是控的就执行默认的newInstance()方法，如果不为空就执行带参的newInstance(xmlpath)方法

try {
 			String xmlPath=this.getInitParameter("xmlPath");
			if(xmlPath==null ||"".equals(xmlPath)) {
				configModel=ConfigModelFactory.newInstance();
			}else {
				configModel=ConfigModelFactory.newInstance(xmlPath);
			}
		} catch (Exception e) {
			// TODO: handle exception
			e.printStackTrace();
		}

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MVC工作原理和增强

1. 什么是MVCMVC全名是Model View Controller，是模型(model)－视图(view)－控制器(controller)的缩写，它是一种软件设计典范，用一种业务逻辑、数据、界面显示分离的方法组织代码...
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