Docker常用命令
帮助命令
查看docker版本
docker version
查看信息
可以看到运行的容器和镜像的数量，以及docker系统信息
docker info
帮助命令
docker --help
镜像命令
查看帮助
docker images --help
查看主机上所有镜像
docker images -a
查看镜像的id
docker images -q
搜索镜像
docker search [镜像名]
比如mysql
docker search mysql
docker search mysql --filter=STARS=3000 //选择大于3000星的版本
下载镜像
docker pull [镜像名]
docker pull mysql //默认下载最新版
docker pull mysql:5.7 // 指定下载5.7版本
删除镜像
docker rmi -f 镜像id
docker rmi -f 镜像id 镜像id 镜像id 镜像id //删除多个镜像
docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq) //递归删除所有镜像
容器命令
新建容器并启动
docker run [参数] image
#参数
--name 容器的名字
-d 后台运行方式
-it 交互方式运行，进入容器查看内容
-p 指定容器的端口
-p ip：主机端口：容器端口
-P 主机端口：容器端口
-p 容器端口
容器端口
-P 随机指定端口
启动并进入容器
docker run -it centos /bin/bash
查看当前所运行的容器
docker ps
docker ps -a //查看运行过的所有容器
docker ps -a -n= //列出最近n个运行的容器
docker ps -q //只显示容器的id
退出容器
exit //直接退出容器并停止
Ctrl +p+q // 容器不停止退出
删除容器
docker rm 容器id //删除指定的容器， 正在运行的容器不能删除
docker rm $(docker ps -aq) //递归删除所有容器
docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm //删除所有容器
启动和停止容器
docker start 容器id //启动容器
docker restart 容器id // 重启容器
docker stop 容器id //停止当前正在运行的容器
doceker kill 容器 id //强制停止当前的容器
常用的其他命令
后台启动容器
docker run -d [镜像名]
发现启动的centos镜像并没有运行，其实是因为容器要使用后台运行，必须得有一个前台进程。
查看日志
docker logs -tf --tail [镜像id]
docker run -d centos /bin/bash -c "While true; do echo TEST_Test; sleep 1;done" //后台运行脚本
正在运行的镜像
显示日志
docker logs -tf --tail 5 1bd686381993
tf 显示日志
tail number 显示日志的条数
查看容器中的进程
docker top [容器id]
docker top 1bd686381993
查看镜像的元数据
docker inspect [容器id]
[
{
"Id": "0a3c80bcc7017a1c15240938c38512d7cfe02d76b57ecce7090298daae33a9fc",
"Created": "2021-09-28T02:12:01.823922837Z",
"Path": "/bin/sh",
"Args": [
"-cwhile true;do echo TEST_Test;sleep 1;done"
],
"State": {
"Status": "exited",
"Running": false,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 0,
"ExitCode": 2,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2021-09-28T02:12:02.106326626Z",
"FinishedAt": "2021-09-28T02:12:02.105074912Z"
},
"Image": "sha256:5d0da3dc976460b72c77d94c8a1ad043720b0416bfc16c52c45d4847e53fadb6",
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/0a3c80bcc7017a1c15240938c38512d7cfe02d76b57ecce7090298daae33a9fc/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/0a3c80bcc7017a1c15240938c38512d7cfe02d76b57ecce7090298daae33a9fc/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/0a3c80bcc7017a1c15240938c38512d7cfe02d76b57ecce7090298daae33a9fc/hosts",
"LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/0a3c80bcc7017a1c15240938c38512d7cfe02d76b57ecce7090298daae33a9fc/0a3c80bcc7017a1c15240938c38512d7cfe02d76b57ecce7090298daae33a9fc-json.log",
"Name": "/thirsty_williams",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "overlay2",
"Platform": "linux",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"AppArmorProfile": "",
"ExecIDs": null,
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": null,
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "json-file",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "default",
"PortBindings": {},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "no",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": null,
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"CgroupnsMode": "host",
"Dns": [],
"DnsOptions": [],
"DnsSearch": [],同步
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "private",
"Cgroup": "",
"Links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "runc",
"ConsoleSize": [
0,
0
],
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": [],
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"Devices": [],
"DeviceCgroupRules": null,
"DeviceRequests": null,
"KernelMemory": 0,
"KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
"MemoryReservation": 0,
"MemorySwap": 0,
"MemorySwappiness": null,
"OomKillDisable": false,
"PidsLimit": null,
"Ulimits": null,
"CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0,
"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
"MaskedPaths": [
"/proc/asound",
"/proc/acpi",
"/proc/kcore",
"/proc/keys",
"/proc/latency_stats",
"/proc/timer_list",
"/proc/timer_stats",
"/proc/sched_debug",
"/proc/scsi",
"/sys/firmware"
],
"ReadonlyPaths": [
"/proc/bus",
"/proc/fs",
"/proc/irq",
"/proc/sys",
"/proc/sysrq-trigger"
]
},
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/0bcbdac3208882f301f0b3a29275acaf387ccb9610a6f101715bf6542e3e9748-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/87e54a3f9699b050bf78121425711976e128aeb3e6ccaf17b58c466dc3f6e100/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/0bcbdac3208882f301f0b3a29275acaf387ccb9610a6f101715bf6542e3e9748/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/0bcbdac3208882f301f0b3a29275acaf387ccb9610a6f101715bf6542e3e9748/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/0bcbdac3208882f301f0b3a29275acaf387ccb9610a6f101715bf6542e3e9748/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"Mounts": [],
"Config": {
"Hostname": "0a3c80bcc701",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/sh",
"-cwhile true;do echo TEST_Test;sleep 1;done"
],
"Image": "centos",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"org.label-schema.build-date": "20210915",
"org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
"org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
"org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
"org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
}
},
"NetworkSettings": {
"Bridge": "",
"SandboxID": "71be63bf57c3c4bd25a2a6a39800621195bcd3f87419184d04903238c0d98abd",
"HairpinMode": false,
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"Ports": {},
"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/71be63bf57c3",
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"EndpointID": "",
"Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAddress": "",
"IPPrefixLen": 0,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"MacAddress": "",
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID": "0fe710b8459810bef6836bec926e003c52d1c69d8ec5802faccd09767730e497",
"EndpointID": "",
"Gateway": "",
"IPAddress": "",
"IPPrefixLen": 0,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "",
"DriverOpts": null
}
}
}
}
]
进入当前正在运行的容器（重要）
容器一般使用后台方式运行的，需要进入容器，修改配置
docker exec -it [容器id] bashshell //进入容器后进入新的终端，可以在里面操作
dcoker exec -it [id] /bin/bash
docker attach [容器id] //方式2 进入容器正在执行的终端，不会启动新的进程
[root@racknerd-17bbc6 ~]# docker exec -it cfe3c24b1f79 /bin/bash
[root@cfe3c24b1f79 /]# ps
PID TTY TIME CMD
18 pts/1 00:00:00 bash
33 pts/1 00:00:00 ps
[root@cfe3c24b1f79 /]# ps -ef
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 1 0 0 02:12 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/bash
root 18 0 0 03:14 pts/1 00:00:00 /bin/bash
root 34 18 0 03:15 pts/1 00:00:00 ps -ef
从容器内copy文件到主机上
docker cp 容器id：容器路径 目的地主机路径
[root@racknerd-17bbc6 home]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
af699e6c2ac1 5d0da3dc9764 "/bin/bash" 2 hours ago Exited (0) 7 seconds ago gifted_swirles
//将文件copy到主机上
[root@racknerd-17bbc6 home]# docker cp af699e6c2ac1:/home/test.java /home
[root@racknerd-17bbc6 home]# ls
lieon test.java testrace
//copy是一个手动的过程，未来使用-v卷的技术可以实现自动同步
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