C++多线程交替打印数字和字符串

1. 三个线程交替打印10次ABC

#include <iostream>
#include <thread>
#include <condition_variable>
std::mutex mtx;
std::condition_variable cv;
int ready = 1; // 1打印A，2打印B，3打印C

void printA() {
	std::unique_lock<std::mutex> a_lock(mtx);
	int i = 0;
	while (i < 10) {
		while (ready != 1) cv.wait(a_lock); // 不满足条件，就会阻塞在这
		std::cout << std::this_thread::get_id() << " A" << std::endl;
		i++;
		ready = 2; // A打印完了该打印B了，就改为2
		cv.notify_all();
	}
}

void printB() {
	std::unique_lock<std::mutex> b_lock(mtx);
	int i = 0;
	while (i < 10) {
		while (ready != 2) cv.wait(b_lock);
		std::cout << std::this_thread::get_id() << " B" << std::endl;
		i++;
		ready = 3;
		cv.notify_all();
	}
}

void printC() {
	std::unique_lock<std::mutex> c_lock(mtx);
	int i = 0;
	while (i < 10) {
		while (ready != 3) cv.wait(c_lock);
		std::cout << std::this_thread::get_id() << " C" << std::endl;
		i++;
		ready = 1;
		cv.notify_all();
	}
}
int main()
{

	std::thread thread_a(printA);
	std::thread thread_b(printB);
	std::thread thread_c(printC);
	thread_a.join();
	thread_b.join();
	thread_c.join();
	return 0;
}

2. 两个线程交替打印奇偶数

#include <iostream>
#include <thread>
std::mutex mtx;
// 使用锁的版本
int x = 1;
void printOdd() {
	while (1) {
		mtx.lock();
		if (x % 2 != 0) {
			std::cout << std::this_thread::get_id() << "   " << x << std::endl;
			x++;
		}
		mtx.unlock();
		if (x >= 10) break;
	}
}
void printEven(){
	while (1) {
		mtx.lock();
		if (x % 2 == 0) {
			std::cout << std::this_thread::get_id() << "   " << x << std::endl;
			x++;
		}
		mtx.unlock();
		if (x >= 10) break;
	}
}
int main()
{
	std::thread thread_odd(printOdd);
	std::thread thread_even(printEven);
	thread_odd.join();
	thread_even.join();
	return 0;
}

#include <iostream>
#include <thread>
#include <condition_variable>
// 使用条件变量的版本
int x = 1;
const int target = 10;
void printOdd() {
	std::unique_lock<std::mutex> odd_lock(mtx);
	while (x < target ) {
		while (x % 2 == 0) cv.wait(odd_lock);
		std::cout << std::this_thread::get_id() << "   " << x << std::endl;
		x++;
		cv.notify_all();
	}
}

void printEven(){
	std::unique_lock<std::mutex> even_lock(mtx);
	while (x < target ) {
		while (x % 2 != 0) cv.wait(even_lock);
		std::cout << std::this_thread::get_id() << "   " << x << std::endl;
		x++;
		cv.notify_all();
	}
}
int main()
{
	std::thread thread_odd(printOdd);
	std::thread thread_even(printEven);
	thread_odd.join();
	thread_even.join();
	return 0;
}

注意两个版本判断退出的时候，都不能带有等于。比如条件变量版本，while的条件是x<target而不是x<=target，如果是<=，会输出1到11。这是因为如果带有等号，最后一次会阻塞在循环里，那么就会多输出一次。
比如printOdd打印9以后，x变成10，判断while(x<=10)满足，就阻塞在while (x % 2 != 0) cv.wait(even_lock);这一句。然后printEven打印10以后，x变成11，退出循环。但唤醒了阻塞在printOdd的线程，这时候从阻塞的地方开始执行，判断while (x % 2 != 0)不满足，就不会阻塞，就往下执行，于是打印出了x=11。