BeanPostProcessor(Spring后置处理器)

BeanPostProcessor 接口也被称为后置处理器，通过该接口可以自定义调用初始化前后执行的操作方法。

postProcessBeforeInitialization 在 Bean 实例化、依赖注入后，初始化前调用。postProcessAfterInitialization 在 Bean 实例化、依赖注入、初始化都完成后调用。

当有多个后置处理器实现类时,默认情况下 Spring 容器会根据后置处理器的定义顺序来依次调用。也可以通过实现 Ordered 接口的 getOrder 方法指定后置处理器的执行顺序。该方法返回值为整数，默认值为 0，值越大优先级越低。

例子
Hello类代码如下:

package com.wen.pojo;

public class Hello {
    private String str;

    public void getStr() {
        System.out.println(str);
    }

    public void setStr(String str) {
        this.str = str;
    }

    public void init(){
        System.out.println("Bean正在初始化");
    }

    public void destroy(){
        System.out.println("Bean将要销毁");
    }
}

InitHello类代码如下:

package com.wen.pojo;

import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanPostProcessor;
import org.springframework.core.Ordered;

public class InitHello implements BeanPostProcessor, Ordered {
    @Override
    public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
        System.out.println("A Before:"+beanName);
        return bean;
    }

    @Override
    public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
        System.out.println("A After:"+beanName);
        return bean;
    }

    @Override
    public int getOrder() {
        return 5;
    }
}

InitHello1类的代码如下:

package com.wen.pojo;

import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanPostProcessor;
import org.springframework.core.Ordered;

public class InitHello1 implements BeanPostProcessor, Ordered {
    @Override
    public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
        System.out.println("B Before:"+beanName);
        return bean;
    }

    @Override
    public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
        System.out.println("B After:"+beanName);
        return bean;
    }

    @Override
    public int getOrder() {
        return 0;
    }
}

beans.xml 代码如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <bean id="hello" class="com.wen.pojo.Hello" init-method="init" destroy-method="destroy">
        <property name="str" value="hello world"/>
    </bean>

    <!--注册Spring后置处理器-->
    <bean class="com.wen.pojo.InitHello"/>
    <bean class="com.wen.pojo.InitHello1"/>

</beans>

MyTest类的代码如下:

import com.wen.pojo.Hello;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext;

public class MyTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
//获取spring的上下文对象
        ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
//        getBean()方法中的参数对应<bean>标签的id属性的值

        Hello hello = (Hello)context.getBean("hello");
        hello.getStr();


    }

}

运行结果如下

D:\Application\jdk\jdk14\bin\java.exe "-javaagent:D:\Application\JetBrains\IntelliJ IDEA 2020.1.3\lib\idea_rt.jar=49787:D:\Application\JetBrains\IntelliJ IDEA 2020.1.3\bin" -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath D:\program\spring-02\target\test-classes;D:\program\spring-02\target\classes;C:\Users\27207\.m2\repository\org\springframework\spring-webmvc\5.2.0.RELEASE\spring-webmvc-5.2.0.RELEASE.jar;C:\Users\27207\.m2\repository\org\springframework\spring-aop\5.2.0.RELEASE\spring-aop-5.2.0.RELEASE.jar;C:\Users\27207\.m2\repository\org\springframework\spring-beans\5.2.0.RELEASE\spring-beans-5.2.0.RELEASE.jar;C:\Users\27207\.m2\repository\org\springframework\spring-context\5.2.0.RELEASE\spring-context-5.2.0.RELEASE.jar;C:\Users\27207\.m2\repository\org\springframework\spring-core\5.2.0.RELEASE\spring-core-5.2.0.RELEASE.jar;C:\Users\27207\.m2\repository\org\springframework\spring-jcl\5.2.0.RELEASE\spring-jcl-5.2.0.RELEASE.jar;C:\Users\27207\.m2\repository\org\springframework\spring-expression\5.2.0.RELEASE\spring-expression-5.2.0.RELEASE.jar;C:\Users\27207\.m2\repository\org\springframework\spring-web\5.2.0.RELEASE\spring-web-5.2.0.RELEASE.jar MyTest
B Before:hello
A Before:hello
Bean正在初始化
B After:hello
A After:hello
hello world

Process finished with exit code 0

由运行结果可以看出，postProcessBeforeInitialization 方法是在 Bean 实例化和依赖注入后，自定义初始化方法前执行的。而 postProcessAfterInitialization 方法是在自定义初始化方法后执行的。由于 getOrder 方法返回值越大，优先级越低，所以 InitHello1
先执行。