Java单例模式的几种写法

Java单例模式几种写法

1、饿汉式（最常见写法，推荐写法）

1. 第一种写法

public class Singleton1 {

    private static final Singleton1 INSTANCE = new Singleton1();

    // 构造器私有化，防止从外部new
    private Singleton1() {
    }

    /**
     * 外部只能通过调用该方法获取实例
     */
    public static Singleton1 getInstance() {
        return INSTANCE;
    }
}

2. 第二种写法

public class Singleton1 {

    private static final Singleton1 INSTANCE;

    static {
        INSTANCE = new Singleton1();
    }
    
    // 构造器私有化，防止从外部new
    private Singleton1() {
    }

    /**
     * 外部只能通过调用该方法获取实例
     */
    public static Singleton1 getInstance() {
        return INSTANCE;
    }
}

2、懒汉式（线程不安全）

1. 在多线程下会导致new出来的不是同一个实例

public class Singleton2 {
    // 构造器私有化，防止从外部new
    private Singleton2() {
    }

    private static Singleton2 INSTANCE;

    public Singleton2 getInstance() {
        if (INSTANCE == null) {
            INSTANCE = new Singleton2();
        }
        return INSTANCE;
    }
}

2. 加锁方式（影响性能）

public class Singleton2 {
    // 构造器私有化，防止从外部new
    private Singleton2() {
    }

    private static Singleton2 INSTANCE;

    public synchronized Singleton2 getInstance() {
        if (INSTANCE == null) {
            INSTANCE = new Singleton2();
        }
        return INSTANCE;
    }
}

3. 通过减少同步代码块加锁（多线程下也会导致不是同一个实例）

ublic class Singleton2 {
    // 构造器私有化，防止从外部new
    private Singleton2() {
    }

    private static Singleton2 INSTANCE;

    public Singleton2 getInstance() {
        if (INSTANCE == null) {
            synchronized (Singleton2.class) {
                INSTANCE = new Singleton2();
            }
        }
        return INSTANCE;
    }
}

3. 双重检查

public class Singleton2 {
    // 构造器私有化，防止从外部new
    private Singleton2() {
    }

    private static Singleton2 INSTANCE;

    public Singleton2 getInstance() {
        if (INSTANCE == null) {
            synchronized (Singleton2.class) {
                if (INSTANCE == null) {
                    INSTANCE = new Singleton2();
                }
            }
        }
        return INSTANCE;
    }
}

3. 内部类方式

1. 通过定义一个内部类的方式调用，运用了类加载机制，保证线程安全

public class Singleton2 {
    // 构造器私有化，防止从外部new
    private Singleton2() {
    }

    public static class Singleton2Holder {
        private Singleton2Holder() {
        }
        private static final Singleton2 INSTANCE = new Singleton2();
    }

    public static Singleton2 getInstance() {
        return Singleton2Holder.INSTANCE;
    }
}

4. 枚举方式（推荐写法）

public enum Singleton {
    
    INSTANCE;

    public void test() {
        // do something
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Singleton.INSTANCE.test();
    }
}