进阶1:简单查询
百度网盘下载需要的四个表
链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1s9rdWPGIkqD4sncwg7dYYQ
提取码: ks8a
打开数据库
USE myemployees;
查询表结构
DESC employees;
全表查询
SELECT * FROM employees;
运算
SELECT 'join';
SELECT 100 / 2;
SELECT VERSION();
命名 (AS 可以省略)
SELECT
100 * 90 AS 乘积;
SELECT
last_name 姓,
first_name 名
FROM
employees;
去重复
SELECT DISTINCT
department_id
FROM
employees;
字符串连接
SELECT
CONCAT(last_name, first_name) AS 姓名
FROM
employees;
显示出表employees的全部列,各个列之间用逗号链接,列头显示成OUT_PUT
#查询commission_pct,如果commission_pct有NULL值时用0替换
SELECT
IFNULL(commission_pct,0) AS 奖金率,
commission_pct
FROM
employees;
#连接没有NULL的字符串
SELECT
CONCAT(`first_name`,',',`last_name`,',',`job_id`,',',IFNULL(commission_pct,0)) AS "OUT PUT"
FROM
employees;
进阶2 :WHERE条件查询
语法:
select 查询列表 3最后 from 表名 1最先执行 WHERE 筛选条件; 2然后
分类:
一、按条件表达式筛选 条件运算符:> < = != <> >= <= 二、按逻辑表达式筛选 逻辑运算符:&& || ! and or not &&和and:两个条件都为true,结果为true,反之为false ||或or:只要有一个条件为true,结果为true,反之为false !或not:如果连接的条件本身为false,结果为true,反之为false 三、模糊查询 like between and in is null is not null
一、按条件表达式筛选
#案例1 :查询工资>12000的员工信息
SELECT
*
FROM
employees
WHERE
salary>12000;
#案例2:部门编号不等于90号的员工名和部门编号
SELECT
last_name,
department_id
FROM
employees
WHERE
department_id<>90;
二、按逻辑表达式筛选
#案例1 :查询工资在10000到20000之间的员工名,工资以及奖金
SELECT
last_name,
salary,
commission_pct
FROM
employees
WHERE
salary>=10000 AND salary<=20000;
#案例2:查询部门编号不在90到110之间,或者工资高于15000的员工信息
SELECT
*
FROM
employees
WHERE
NOT(department_id>=90 AND department_id<=110) or salary>15000;
三、模糊查询
- LIKE
一般和通配符搭配使用
通配符:
% 任意多个字符,包含0个字符
_ 任意一个字符
#案例1:查询员工名中包含字符a的员工信息
SELECT
*
FROM
employees
WHERE
last_name LIKE '%a%';
#案例2:查询员工名中第三个字符为n,第五个字符为l的员工名和工资
SELECT
last_name,
salary
FROM
employees
WHERE
last_name LIKE '__n_l%';
#案例3:查询员工名中第二个字符为_的员工名
#1
SELECT
last_name
FROM
employees
WHERE
last_name LIke '_\_%';
#2设置4为转义字符
SELECT
last_name
FROM
employees
WHERE
last_name LIke '_4_%' ESCAPE '4';
- BETWEEN AND
1.使用between and 可以提高语句简洁度
2.包含临界值
3.两个临界值不要调换顺序
#案例1:查询员工编号在100到200之间的员工信息
#1
SELECT
*
FROM
employees
WHERE
employee_id >= 100 and employee_id<=120;
#2-------------------------------------
SELECT
*
FROM
employees
WHERE
employee_id BETWEEN 100 and 120;
- in
含义:判断某字段的值是否属于in列表中的某一项
1.使用in提高语句简洁度
2.in列表中的值类型必须一致或兼容
3.in相当于 = 号不能和通配符一起使用
#案例1:查询员工工种编号是 IT_PROG、AD_VP、AD_PRES中的一个员工名和工种编号
#1
SELECT
last_name,
job_id
FROM
employees
WHERE
job_id = 'IT_PROG' or job_id = 'AD_VP' or job_id = 'AD_PRES';
#2-------------------------------
SELECT
last_name,
job_id
FROM
employees
WHERE
job_id in ('IT_PROG','AD_VP','AD_PRES');
- is null , is not null
=或<>不能用于判断null值
is null 或 is not null 可以判断null值,不能当等于数值用
#案例1:查询没有奖金的员工名和奖金率
SELECT
last_name,
commission_pct
FROM
employees
WHERE
commission_pct is NULL;
#-------查询有奖金的员工名和奖金率--------
SELECT
last_name,
commission_pct
FROM
employees
WHERE
commission_pct is NOT NULL;
- 安全等于:<=>
#案例1:查询没有奖金的员工名和奖金率
SELECT
last_name,
commission_pct
FROM
employees
WHERE
commission_pct <=> NULL;
#案例2:查询工资为12000的员工信息
SELECT
last_name,
salary
FROM
employees
WHERE
salary <=> 12000;
is NULL :仅仅可以判断NULL值,可读性高,建议使用
<=> :既可以判断NULL值,又可以判断普通的数值,可读性低
#---------------------------练习-----------------------
#1.查询工资大于12000的员工姓名和工资
SELECT
last_name,
salary
FROM
employees
WHERE
salary >= 12000;
#2.查询员工号为176的员工的姓名和部门号和年薪
SELECT
last_name,
department_id,
salary*12*(1+IFNULL(commission_pct,0)) AS '年薪'
FROM
employees
WHERE
employee_id = 176;
#3.选择工资不在5000到12000的员工姓名和工资
SELECT
last_name,
salary
FROM
employees
WHERE
salary NOT BETWEEN 5000 AND 12000;
#4.选择在20或50号部门工作的员工姓名和部门号
SELECT
last_name,
department_id
from
employees
WHERE
department_id in (20,50);
#5.选择公司中没有管理者的员工姓名及job_id
SELECT
last_name,
job_id,
manager_id
FROM
employees
WHERE
manager_id is NULL;
#6.选择公司中有奖金的员工姓名,工资和奖金级别
SELECT
last_name,
salary,
commission_pct
FROM
employees
WHERE
commission_pct IS NOT NULL;
#7.选择员工姓名中有a和e的员工姓名
SELECT
last_name
FROM
employees
WHERE
last_name LIKE '%a%e%';
#8.选择员工姓名中以e结尾的员工姓名
SELECT
last_name
FROM
employees
WHERE
last_name LIKE '%e';
#9.
SELECT * from employees; #能查出含NULL值的信息
SELECT * FROM employees
WHERE commission_pct LIKE '%%' AND last_name LIKE '%%'; #查奖金率和姓名不是NULL值的信息
#----------------------------------------------------
进阶3:排序查询
语法:
SELECT 查询列表 FROM 表 WHERE 筛选条件 ORDER BY 排序列表;
特点:
1.asc代表升序,desc代表降序 如果不写,默认升序 2.order by 子句中可以支持单个字段,多个字段,表达式,函数,别名 3.order by 子句一般放在查询语句最后面,limit子句除外
#案例1 :查询员工信息,要求工资从高到低排序
SELECT * FROM employees ORDER BY salary desc;
#从低到高
SELECT * FROM employees ORDER BY salary asc;
#案例2:查询部门编号>=90的员工信息,按入职时间的先后进行排序
SELECT
*
FROM
employees
WHERE
employee_id >= 90
ORDER BY
hiredate;
#案例3:按年薪的高低显示员工的信息和年薪【按表达式排序】
SELECT
*,
salary*12*(1+IFNULL(commission_pct,0)) AS 年薪
FROM
employees
ORDER BY
salary*12*(1+IFNULL(commission_pct,0)) desc;
#案例4:按年薪的高低显示员工的信息和年薪【按别名排序】
SELECT
*,
salary*12*(1+IFNULL(commission_pct,0)) AS 年薪
FROM
employees
ORDER BY
年薪 desc;
#案例5:按姓名的长度显示员工能够的姓名和工资【按函数排序】
SELECT
last_name,
salary
from
employees
ORDER BY
LENGTH(last_name) DESC;
#案例6:查询员工信息,先按工资排序,再按员工编号排序【按多个字段排序】
SELECT
*
FROM
employees
ORDER BY
salary ASC,employee_id DESC;