彻底搞懂深拷贝和浅拷贝

深拷贝和浅拷贝只对引用数据类型而言的！，基本数据类型不存在深浅拷贝
本文的所有代码放在文章的后面

浅拷贝

• 如果被拷贝对象的成员变量为基本数据类型，那么浅拷贝将会进行值传递，赋值给新对象的成员变量，两者互不关联。
• 如果被拷贝对象的成员变量是引用数据类型，那么浅拷贝只会将该变量的地址赋值给新对象的成员变量，它们指向同一空间

深拷贝

• 如果被拷贝对象的成员变量为引用数据类型时，深拷贝将会为新对象的成员变量开辟新的内存空间，新旧对象的成员变量指向不同的内存空间

上代码测试

1. 浅拷贝：成员变量为基本数据类型

Father类需要实现Cloneable接口，并使用其默认实现

@Override
protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
    return super.clone(); //To change body of generated methods, choose Tools | Templates.
}

将旧对象的基本数据类型的变量的值直接传递给新对象的成员变量

Father father1 = new Father("wwj",23);
Father father2 = (Father) father1.clone();
father2.setAge(39);
System.out.println(father1);
System.out.println(father2);

运行结果

分析：可知，father1的两个属性都是基本数据类型，修改了father2的属性，father1的属性没变化，两者互不影响

2. 浅拷贝：成员变量为引用数据类型

Husband类实现Cloneable接口，并使用其提供的默认实现

@Override
protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
    return super.clone(); //To change body of generated methods, choose Tools | Templates.
}

将旧对象的成员变量的地址赋值给新对象的成员变量，两者指向同一个内存空间

 Husband husband1 = new Husband("wwj", 23);
 Husband husband2 = (Husband) husband1.clone();
 //这里的wife是husband的一个引用属性
 husband2.wife.name = "hhhh";
 System.out.println(husband1);
 System.out.println(husband2);

分析可知：修改了新对象的wife引用属性，就对象的wife属性也同样发生变化

3. 深拷贝–仅针对成员变量为引用数据类型

需要Husband类重写实现Cloneable接口，重写并修改clone（）方法

    @Override
    protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        Object deep = null;
        deep = super.clone();//完成对基本数据类型变量的拷贝
        Husband husband = (Husband)deep;//转换类型
        husband.wife = (WIfe) wife.clone();//完成对引用类型的成员变量的拷贝
        return husband; //To change body of generated methods, choose Tools | Templates.
    }

新对象为引用类型的成员变量开辟新的内存空间，新旧对象的成员变量指向不同的内存空间，互不影响

 Husband husband1 = new Husband("wwj", 23);
 Husband husband2 = (Husband) husband1.clone();
 husband2.wife.name = "hhhh";
 System.out.println(husband1);
 System.out.println(husband2);

分析可知：我们重写了clone（）方法，完成了对引用类型的成员变量的拷贝（开辟新空间），新旧对象的操作互不影响
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CopyTest

package test;

public class CopyTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        
        //浅拷贝：成员变量为基本数据类型-->值传递
//        Father father1 = new Father("wwj",23);
//        Father father2 = (Father) father1.clone();
//        father2.setAge(39);
//        System.out.println(father1);
//        System.out.println(father2);
        
        //浅拷贝：成员变量为引用数据类型-->不重写修改clone方法那么指向同一个空间，修改其中一个引用变量另外一个也会发生改变
//        Husband husband1 = new Husband("wwj", 23);
//        Husband husband2 = (Husband) husband1.clone();
//        husband2.wife.name = "hhhh";
//        System.out.println(husband1);
//        System.out.println(husband2);
        
        
        //深拷贝--成员变量为引用数据类型，开辟新的内存空间完成拷贝
        Husband husband1 = new Husband("wwj", 23);
        Husband husband2 = (Husband) husband1.clone();
        husband2.wife.name = "hhhh";
        System.out.println(husband1);
        System.out.println(husband2);
    }
}

Father

package test;

import java.util.Objects;

public class Father implements Cloneable{
    private String name;
    private int age;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public Father(String name, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Father{" + "name=" + name + ", age=" + age + '}';
    }

    @Override
    protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        return super.clone(); //To change body of generated methods, choose Tools | Templates.
    }
    
}

Husband

package test;

import java.util.Objects;

public class Husband implements Cloneable{
    WIfe wife = new WIfe("lzz");
    private String name;
    private int age;

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public Husband(String name, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }
    
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Husband{" + "wife=" + wife + ", name=" + name + ", age=" + age + '}';
    }
    
    @Override
    protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        Object deep = null;
        deep = super.clone();//完成对基本数据类型变量的拷贝
        Husband husband = (Husband)deep;//转换类型
        husband.wife = (WIfe) wife.clone();//完成对引用类型的成员变量的拷贝
        return husband; //To change body of generated methods, choose Tools | Templates.
    }
}

Wife

package test;

public class WIfe implements Cloneable{

    String name;
    
    public WIfe(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "WIfe{" + "name=" + name + '}';
    }

    @Override
    protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        return super.clone(); //To change body of generated methods, choose Tools | Templates.
    }
}