servlet简介
是用于开发动态web的一门技术
开发一个servlet程序需要完成两个步骤
- 编写一个类,实现servlet接口
- 部署到web服务器中
hello servlet
0.查看tomcat中的servlet的例子
//Source Code for HelloWorld Example
import java.io.*;
import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
public class HelloWorld extends HttpServlet {
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws IOException, ServletException
{
response.setContentType("text/html");
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
out.println("<html>");
out.println("<head>");
out.println("<title>Hello World!</title>");
out.println("</head>");
out.println("<body>");
out.println("<h1>Hello World!</h1>");
out.println("</body>");
out.println("</html>");
}
}
1.在例子中可以看到所需的jar包;在maven仓库搜索,导入servlet需要的包
(在pom.xml中添加依赖)
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>4.0.1</version>
</dependency>
2.写一个Java类,继承HttpServlet类。可以查看HttpServlet类的源码发现HttpServlet实际上实现了servlet接口。servlet主要用到doget和dopost方法,重写这两个方法
public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
PrintWriter writer = resp.getWriter();
writer.println("hello,servlet");
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(req,resp);
}
}
3.写servlet的映射
为什么要写映射?
因为写的HelloServlet 是一个Java程序,但是要通过浏览器访问,而浏览器需要连接web服务器,所以需要在web的配置文件中注册自己写的servlet,以及浏览器的访问路径
<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
"-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
"http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >
<web-app>
<!--注册servlet-->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>servlet.HelloServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<!--servlet的映射,配置访问路径-->
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
注:固定的映射路径优先级最高
例如
<web-app>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>servlet.HelloServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>error</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>servlet.ErrorServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>error</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
此时访问`http://localhost:8081/servlet01/hello``会映射/hello
4.运行测试
访问http://localhost:8081/servlet01/hello