Python安装
安装Python及配置环境变量
一、博主自言
此篇文章是博主自学的笔记整理,顺便分享给大家。
希望会对大家有所帮助,欢迎留言提问。
二、Python的安装
2.1下载Python
下载地址:https://www.python.org/downloads/(目前最新版本为Python3.8,以下安装以3.6为例)
根据自已的系统平台选择相应的版本进行下载。
2.2 安装Python
2.2.1下载完成后双击执行下载的exe程序,进入安装界面。
2.2.2安装过程中记得勾选“Add Python 3.X to PATH”选项。安装完成在开始菜单中生成Python3.X的目录
- IDLE(Python 3.X 64-bit):Python自带的IDE。
- Python 3.X( 64-bit):在Windows命令提示符下进入Python Shell模式。
- Python 3.X Manuals(64-bit):Python自带的官方文档。
- Python 3.X Module Docs(64-bit):Python的模块文档。它自动启动一个服务,以Web形式显示Python模块的文档。
2.2.3 安装完毕后,打开CMD输入python,返回版本号即安装成功
2.3 配置环境变量
首先找到python安装目录,添加到“右击我的电脑-属性-高级系统变量-高级-环境变量-系统变量-Path-编辑-目录粘贴到Path下面。
三、扩展库的安装
我们学习Python,例如要开发Web网站,我要做Web UI自动化测试,这就少不了要安装第三方扩展库。
所以,接下来可以在PyPI(Python Package Index)中查找想要的库。
PyPI地址:https://pypi.python.org/pypi
3.1 pip 安装扩展库
pip是一个安装和管理Python包的工具,通过pip来管理Python包非常简单。
3.1.1 查看pip是否可用
运行CMD,输入“pip”命令,出现命令说明,可以正常使用。(提示错误,到python目录找到Scripts,添加到系统变量Path下面)。
C:\Windows\system32>pip
Usage:
pip <command> [options]
Commands:
install Install packages.
download Download packages.
uninstall Uninstall packages.
freeze Output installed packages in requirements format.
list List installed packages.
show Show information about installed packages.
check Verify installed packages have compatible dependencies.
config Manage local and global configuration.
search Search PyPI for packages.
wheel Build wheels from your requirements.
hash Compute hashes of package archives.
completion A helper command used for command completion.
debug Show information useful for debugging.
help Show help for commands.
General Options:
-h, --help Show help.
--isolated Run pip in an isolated mode, ignoring environment variables and user configuration.
-v, --verbose Give more output. Option is additive, and can be used up to 3 times.
-V, --version Show version and exit.
-q, --quiet Give less output. Option is additive, and can be used up to 3 times (corresponding to
WARNING, ERROR, and CRITICAL logging levels).
--log <path> Path to a verbose appending log.
--proxy <proxy> Specify a proxy in the form [user:passwd@]proxy.server:port.
--retries <retries> Maximum number of retries each connection should attempt (default 5 times).
--timeout <sec> Set the socket timeout (default 15 seconds).
--exists-action <action> Default action when a path already exists: (s)witch, (i)gnore, (w)ipe, (b)ackup,
(a)bort.
--trusted-host <hostname> Mark this host as trusted, even though it does not have valid or any HTTPS.
--cert <path> Path to alternate CA bundle.
--client-cert <path> Path to SSL client certificate, a single file containing the private key and the
certificate in PEM format.
--cache-dir <dir> Store the cache data in <dir>.
--no-cache-dir Disable the cache.
--disable-pip-version-check
Don't periodically check PyPI to determine whether a new version of pip is available for
download. Implied with --no-index.
--no-color Suppress colored output
C:\Windows\system32>pip show django
Name: Django
Version: 2.2.7
Summary: A high-level Python Web framework that encourages rapid development and clean, pragmatic design.
Home-page: https://www.djangoproject.com/
Author: Django Software Foundation
Author-email: foundation@djangoproject.com
License: BSD
Location: c:\program files\python38\lib\site-packages
Requires: sqlparse, pytz
Required-by:
3.1.2 使用pip安装扩展库
pip install django
Django是Python下面开发Web项目非常强大的一个库,也是接下来学习的重点。
3.1.3 使用pip安装指定版本的库
pip install django=1.10.3
3.1.4 查看当前安装的库
pip show django
使用show命令查看库的版本号和安装路径。
3.1.5 使用pip卸载库
pip uninstall django
使用uninstall命令即可装安装的库轻松卸载。
总结
1、安装Python,过程中勾选“Add Python 3.X to PATH”选项;
2、安装完成后再Windows命令提示符下“python”命令,验证是否安装成功;
3、使用pip安装Django扩展库;