基于C语言的学生考试系统

 C语言的初学者可以借鉴此案列学习结构体

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<dos.h>
#include<string.h>
#define LEN sizeof(struct student)
#define FORMAT "%-8d%-15s%-12.1lf%-12.1lf%-12.1lf%-12.1lf\n"
#define DATA stu[i].num,stu[i].name,stu[i].elec,stu[i].expe,stu[i].requ,stu[i].sum
float Felec,Fexpe,Frequ;
struct student/*定义学生成绩结构体*/
{ 
	int num;/*学号*/
	char name[15];/*姓名*/
	double elec;/*选修课*/
	double expe;/*实验课*/
	double requ;/*必修课*/
	double sum;/*总分*/
};
struct student stu[50];/*定义结构体数组*/
void in();/*录入学生成绩信息*/
void show();/*显示学生信息*/
void order();/*按总分排序*/
void del();/*删除学生成绩信息*/
void modify();/*修改学生成绩信息*/
void menu();/*主菜单*/
void insert();/*插入学生信息*/
void total();/*计算总人数*/
void search();/*查找学生信息*/
void main()/*主函数*/
{ 
	int n;
	menu();
	scanf("%d",&n);/*输入选择功能的编号*/
	while(n)
	{ 
		switch(n)
		{
		case 1: 
			in();
			break;
		case 2: 
			search();
			break;
		case 3: 
			del();
			break;
		case 4:
			modify();
			break;
		case 5:
			insert();
			break;
		case 6:
			order();
			break;
		case 7:
			total();
			break;
		default:break;
		}
		getch();
		menu();/*执行完功能再次显示菜单界面*/
		scanf("%d",&n);
	}
}

void in()/*录入学生信息*/
{ 
	int i,m=0;/*m是记录的条数*/
	char ch[2];
	FILE *fp;/*定义文件指针*/
	if((fp=fopen("data","ab+"))==NULL)/*打开指定文件*/
	{ 
		printf("can not open\n");
		return;
	}
	while(!feof(fp)) 
	{ 
		if(fread(&stu[m] ,LEN,1,fp)==1)
			m++;/*统计当前记录条数*/
	}
	fclose(fp);
	if(m==0) 
		printf("No record!\n");
	else 
	{
		system("cls");
		show();/*调用show函数，显示原有信息*/
	}
	if((fp=fopen("data","wb"))==NULL)
	{ 
		printf("can not open\n");
		return;
	}
	for(i=0;i<m;i++) 
		fwrite(&stu[i] ,LEN,1,fp);/*向指定的磁盘文件写入信息*/
	printf("please input(y/n):");
	scanf("%s",ch);
	if(strcmp(ch,"Y")==0||strcmp(ch,"y")==0)
	{
		printf("please input per centum:");
		printf("\nelective:");
		scanf("%f",&Felec);
		printf("\nexperiment:");
		scanf("%f",&Fexpe);
		printf("\nrequired course:");
		scanf("%f",&Frequ);
	}
	while(strcmp(ch,"Y")==0||strcmp(ch,"y")==0)/*判断是否要录入新信息*/
	{
		printf("number:");
		scanf("%d",&stu[m].num);/*输入学生学号*/
		for(i=0;i<m;i++)
			if(stu[i].num==stu[m].num)
			{
				printf("the number is existing,press any to continue!");
				getch();
				fclose(fp);
				return;
			}
			printf("name:");
			scanf("%s",stu[m].name);/*输入学生姓名*/
			printf("elective:");
			scanf("%lf",&stu[m].elec);/*输入选修课成绩*/
			printf("experiment:");
			scanf("%lf",&stu[m].expe);/*输入实验课成绩*/
			printf("required course:");
			scanf("%lf",&stu[m].requ);/*输入必修课成绩*/
			stu[m].sum=stu[m].elec*Felec+stu[m].expe*Fexpe+stu[m].requ*Frequ;/*计算出总成绩*/
			if(fwrite(&stu[m],LEN,1,fp)!=1)/*将新录入的信息写入指定的磁盘文件*/
			{
				printf("can not save!"); 
				getch(); 
			}
			else
			{ 
				printf("%s saved!\n",stu[m].name);
				m++;
			}
			printf("continue?(y/n):");/*询问是否继续*/
			scanf("%s",ch);
	}
	fclose(fp);
	printf("OK!\n");
}

void show()
{
	FILE *fp;
	int i,m=0;
	fp=fopen("data","ab+");
	while(!feof(fp))
	{
		if(fread(&stu[m] ,LEN,1,fp)==1) 
			m++;
	}  
	fclose(fp);
	printf("number  name           elective    experiment  required    sum\t\n");
	for(i=0;i<m;i++)
	{ 
		printf(FORMAT,DATA);/*将信息按指定格式打印*/
	}
}

void menu()/*自定义函数实现菜单功能*/
{
	system("cls");
	printf("\n\n\n\n\n");
	printf("\t\t|---------------------STUDENT-------------------|\n");
	printf("\t\t|\t 0. exit                                |\n");
	printf("\t\t|\t 1. input record                        |\n");
	printf("\t\t|\t 2. search record                       |\n");
	printf("\t\t|\t 3. delete record                       |\n");
	printf("\t\t|\t 4. modify record                       |\n");
	printf("\t\t|\t 5. insert record                       |\n");
	printf("\t\t|\t 6. order                               |\n");
	printf("\t\t|\t 7. number                              |\n");
	printf("\t\t|-----------------------------------------------|\n\n");
	printf("\t\t\tchoose(0-7):");
}

void order()/*自定义排序函数*/
{ 
	FILE *fp;
	struct student t;
	int i=0,j=0,m=0;
	if((fp=fopen("data","ab+"))==NULL)
	{ 
		printf("can not open!\n");
		return;
	}
	while(!feof(fp)) 
		if(fread(&stu[m] ,LEN,1,fp)==1) 
			m++;
		fclose(fp);
		if(m==0) 
		{
			printf("no record!\n");
			return;
		}
		for(i=0;i<m-1;i++)
			for(j=i+1;j<m;j++)/*双重循环实现成绩比较并交换*/
				if(stu[i].sum<stu[j].sum)
				{ 
					t=stu[i];
					stu[i]=stu[j];
					stu[j]=t;
				}
				if((fp=fopen("data","wb"))==NULL)
				{ 
					printf("can not open\n");
					return;
				}
				for(i=0;i<m;i++)/*将重新排好序的内容重新写入指定的磁盘文件中*/
					if(fwrite(&stu[i] ,LEN,1,fp)!=1)
					{ 
						printf("%s can not save!\n"); 
						getch();
					}
					fclose(fp);
					printf("save successfully\n");
}
void del()/*自定义删除函数*/
{
	FILE *fp;
	int snum,i,j,m=0;
	char ch[2];
	if((fp=fopen("data","ab+"))==NULL)
	{ 
		printf("can not open\n");
		return;
	}
	while(!feof(fp))  
		if(fread(&stu[m],LEN,1,fp)==1) 
			m++;
		fclose(fp);
		if(m==0) 
		{
			printf("no record!\n");
			return;
		}
		printf("please input the number:");
		scanf("%d",&snum);
		for(i=0;i<m;i++)
			if(snum==stu[i].num)
				break;
		 if(i==m)
			{
			printf("can not find");
			getchar();
			return;
			}
			printf("find the student,delete?(y/n)");
			scanf("%s",ch);
			if(strcmp(ch,"Y")==0||strcmp(ch,"y")==0)/*判断是否要进行删除*/
			{
				for(j=i;j<m;j++)
					stu[j]=stu[j+1];/*将后一个记录移到前一个记录的位置*/
					m--;/*记录的总个数减1*/
					printf("delete successfully!\n");
				}
				if((fp=fopen("data","wb"))==NULL)
				{ 
					printf("can not open\n");
					return;
				}
				for(j=0;j<m;j++)/*将更改后的记录重新写入指定的磁盘文件中*/
					if(fwrite(&stu[j] ,LEN,1,fp)!=1)
					{ 
						printf("can not save!\n");
						getch();
					}
					fclose(fp);
				
}

void search()/*自定义查找函数*/
{ 
	FILE *fp;
	int snum,i,m=0;
	char ch[2];
	if((fp=fopen("data","ab+"))==NULL)
	{ 
		printf("can not open\n");
		return;
	}
	while(!feof(fp)) 
		if(fread(&stu[m],LEN,1,fp)==1) 
			m++;
		fclose(fp);
		if(m==0)
		{
			printf("no record!\n");
			return;
		}
		printf("please input the number:");
		scanf("%d",&snum);
		for(i=0;i<m;i++)
			if(snum==stu[i].num)/*查找输入的学号是否在记录中*/
			{ 
				printf("find the student,show?(y/n)");
				scanf("%s",ch);
				if(strcmp(ch,"Y")==0||strcmp(ch,"y")==0) 
				{
					printf("number  name           elective    experiment  required    sum\t\n");
					printf(FORMAT,DATA);/*将查找出的结果按指定格式输出*/
					break;
				}
				else
					return;
			}   
			if(i==m) 
				printf("can not find the student!\n");/*未找到要查找的信息*/
}

void modify()/*自定义修改函数*/
{ 
	FILE *fp;
	int i,j,m=0,snum;
	if((fp=fopen("data","ab+"))==NULL)
	{ 
		printf("can not open\n");
		return;
	}
	while(!feof(fp))  
		if(fread(&stu[m],LEN,1,fp)==1) 
			m++;
		if(m==0)
		{
			printf("no record!\n");
			fclose(fp);
			return;
		}
		printf("please input the number of the student which do you want to modify!\n");
		scanf("%d",&snum);
		for(i=0;i<m;i++)
			if(snum==stu[i].num)/*检索记录中是否有要修改的信息*/
				break;
			if(i<m)
			{	
				printf("find the student!you can modify!\n");
				printf("please input per centum:");
				printf("\nelective:");
				scanf("%f",&Felec);
				printf("\nexperiment:");
				scanf("%f",&Fexpe);
				printf("\nrequired course:");
				scanf("%f",&Frequ);
				printf("name:\n");
				scanf("%s",stu[i].name);/*输入名字*/
				printf("\nelective:");
				scanf("%lf",&stu[i].elec);/*输入选修课成绩*/
				printf("\nexperiment:");
				scanf("%lf",&stu[i].expe);/*输入实验课成绩*/
				printf("\nrequired course:");
				scanf("%lf",&stu[i].requ);/*输入必修课成绩*/
				stu[i].sum=stu[i].elec*Felec+stu[i].expe*Fexpe+stu[i].requ*Frequ;
			}
			else 
			{
				printf("can not find!");
				getchar();
				return;
			}
			if((fp=fopen("data","wb"))==NULL)
			{
				printf("can not open\n");
				return;
			}
			for(j=0;j<m;j++)/*将新修改的信息写入指定的磁盘文件中*/
				if(fwrite(&stu[j] ,LEN,1,fp)!=1)
				{ 
					printf("can not save!"); 
					getch(); 
				}
				fclose(fp);
}

void insert()/*自定义插入函数*/
{ 
	FILE *fp;
	int i,j,k,m=0,snum;
	if((fp=fopen("data","ab+"))==NULL)
	{ 
		printf("can not open\n");
		return;
	}
	while(!feof(fp))  
		if(fread(&stu[m],LEN,1,fp)==1)
			m++;
		if(m==0) 
		{
			printf("no record!\n");
			fclose(fp);
			return;
		}
		printf("please input position where do you want to insert!(input the number)\n");
		scanf("%d",&snum);/*输入要插入的位置*/
		for(i=0;i<m;i++)
			if(snum==stu[i].num)
				break;
			for(j=m-1;j>i;j--)
				stu[j+1]=stu[j];/*从最后一条记录开始均向后移一位*/
			printf("now please input the new information.\n");
			printf("number:");
			scanf("%d",&stu[i+1].num);
			for(k=0;k<m;k++)
				if(stu[k].num==stu[i+1].num&&k!=i+1)
				{
					printf("the number is existing,press any to continue!");
					getch();
					fclose(fp);
					return;
				}
				printf("please input per centum:");
				printf("\nelective:");
				scanf("%f",&Felec);
				printf("\nexperiment:");
				scanf("%f",&Fexpe);
				printf("\nrequired course:");
				scanf("%f",&Frequ);
				printf("name:\n");
				scanf("%s",stu[i+1].name);
				printf("\nelective:");
				scanf("%lf",&stu[i+1].elec);
				printf("\nexperiment:");
				scanf("%lf",&stu[i+1].expe);
				printf("\nrequired course:");
				scanf("%lf",&stu[i+1].requ);
				stu[i+1].sum=stu[i+1].elec*Felec+stu[i+1].expe*Fexpe+stu[i+1].requ*Frequ;
				if((fp=fopen("data","wb"))==NULL)
				{ 
					printf("can not open\n");
					return;
				}
				for(k=0;k<=m;k++)
					if(fwrite(&stu[k] ,LEN,1,fp)!=1)/*将修改后的记录写入磁盘文件中*/
					{
						printf("can not save!"); 
						getch(); 
					}
					fclose(fp);
}

void total()
{ 
	FILE *fp;
	int m=0;
	if((fp=fopen("data","ab+"))==NULL)
	{         
		printf("can not open\n");
		return;
	}
	while(!feof(fp))  
		if(fread(&stu[m],LEN,1,fp)==1) 
			m++;/*统计记录个数即学生个数*/
		if(m==0)
		{
			printf("no record!\n");
			fclose(fp);
			return;
		}
		printf("the class are %d students!\n",m);/*将统计的个数输出*/
		fclose(fp);
}