枚举

枚举

JDK5.0引入了新的类型——枚举

1. 类的对象为有限个，确定的，称为枚举类
2. 当需要定义一组常量时，强烈建议使用枚举类
3. 如果枚举中只有一个对象时，可以当作单例模式的实现方式

自定义枚举类

• 方式一JDK5.0之前，自定义枚举类

//自定义枚举类
public class Season {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Season autumn = Season.AUTUMN;
        System.out.println(autumn);
    }
    //1.声明对象的属性
    private final String  seasonName;
    private final String  seasonDes;
    //2.私有化构造器,给对象属性赋值
    private Season(String seasonName, String seasonDes) {
        this.seasonName = seasonName;
        this.seasonDes = seasonDes;
    }
    //3.提供当前枚举类的多个对象：public static  final
    public static  final  Season SPRING=new Season("春天","春暖花开");
    public static  final  Season SUNNER=new Season("夏天","夏日炎炎");
    public static  final  Season AUTUMN=new Season("秋天","秋高气爽");
    public static  final  Season WINTER=new Season("冬天","冰天雪地");
    //4.获取枚举类的属性

    public String getSeasonName() {
        return seasonName;
    }

    public String getSeasonDes() {
        return seasonDes;
    }
    //toString()方法
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Season{" +
                "seasonName='" + seasonName + '\'' +
                ", seasonDes='" + seasonDes + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

方式二

• JDK5.0之后，使用enum关键字自定义枚举类

• 多个对象之间用",“隔开，末尾对象用”;"结束

• 定义的枚举类默认继承于java.lang.Enum

  • 枚举类名.class.getSuperclass()
    

import javax.crypto.SealedObject;

public class Enum_Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Season1 autumn = Season1.AUTUMN;
        System.out.println(Season1.class.getSuperclass());
    }

}

enum Season1 {
    //3.提供当前枚举类的多个对象
    //多个对象之间用","隔开，末尾对象用";"结束
     SPRING("春天","春暖花开"),
     SUNNER("夏天","夏日炎炎"),
      AUTUMN("秋天","秋高气爽"),
      WINTER("冬天","冰天雪地");
    //1.声明对象的属性
    private final String  seasonName;
    private final String  seasonDes;
    //2.私有化构造器,给对象属性赋值
    private Season1(String seasonName, String seasonDes) {
        this.seasonName = seasonName;
        this.seasonDes = seasonDes;
    }

    //4.获取枚举类的属性

    public String getSeasonName() {
        return seasonName;
    }

    public String getSeasonDes() {
        return seasonDes;
    }

}

Enum的主要方法

• values():返回枚举类型的对象数组，该方法可以方便遍历所有枚举值

        Season1[] values = Season1.values();
          for (int i = 0; i < values.length; i++) {
              System.out.println(values[i]);
          }
  

• toString() 返回当前枚举类对象枚举常量的名称

• valueOf(String str) 可以把一个字符串转为对应的枚举类对象。要求字符必须是枚举类对象的”名字“。如果不是会有运行时异常

  java.lang.IllegalArgumentException

    Season1 autumn1 = Season1.valueOf("AUTUMN");
          System.out.println(autumn1);
  

使用enum关键字定义的枚举类实现接口的情况

情况一

实现接口。在enum类中实现抽象方法

public class Enum_Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Season1 autumn = Season1.AUTUMN;
/*        System.out.println(Season1.class.getSuperclass());*/
       /* Season1[] values = Season1.values();
        for (int i = 0; i < values.length; i++) {
            System.out.println(values[i]);
        }*/
        Season1 autumn1 = Season1.valueOf("AUTUMN");
        System.out.println(autumn1);
        autumn1.show();
    }

}

enum Season1 implements  Info {
    //3.提供当前枚举类的多个对象
    //多个对象之间用","隔开，末尾对象用";"结束
     SPRING("春天","春暖花开"),
     SUNNER("夏天","夏日炎炎"),
      AUTUMN("秋天","秋高气爽"),
      WINTER("冬天","冰天雪地");
    //1.声明对象的属性
    private final String  seasonName;
    private final String  seasonDes;
    //2.私有化构造器,给对象属性赋值
    private Season1(String seasonName, String seasonDes) {
        this.seasonName = seasonName;
        this.seasonDes = seasonDes;
    }

    //4.获取枚举类的属性

    public String getSeasonName() {
        return seasonName;
    }

    public String getSeasonDes() {
        return seasonDes;
    }

    @Override
    public void show() {
        System.out.println("这是一个季节");
    }
}
interface  Info{
    void show();
}

情况二

• 让每个枚举类的对象分别实现接口中的抽象方法

public class Enum_Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Season1 autumn = Season1.AUTUMN;
/*        System.out.println(Season1.class.getSuperclass());*/
       /* Season1[] values = Season1.values();
        for (int i = 0; i < values.length; i++) {
            System.out.println(values[i]);
        }*/
        Season1 autumn1 = Season1.valueOf("AUTUMN");
        System.out.println(autumn1);
        autumn1.show();
    }

}

enum Season1 implements  Info {
    //3.提供当前枚举类的多个对象
    //多个对象之间用","隔开，末尾对象用";"结束
     SPRING("春天","春暖花开"){
        @Override
        public void show() {
            System.out.println("春天来了");
        }
    },
     SUNNER("夏天","夏日炎炎"){
         @Override
         public void show() {
             System.out.println("夏天来了");
         }
     },
      AUTUMN("秋天","秋高气爽"){
          @Override
          public void show() {
              System.out.println("秋天来了");
          }
      },
      WINTER("冬天","冰天雪地"){
          @Override
          public void show() {
              System.out.println("冬天来了");
          }
      };
    //1.声明对象的属性
    private final String  seasonName;
    private final String  seasonDes;
    //2.私有化构造器,给对象属性赋值
    private Season1(String seasonName, String seasonDes) {
        this.seasonName = seasonName;
        this.seasonDes = seasonDes;
    }

    //4.获取枚举类的属性

    public String getSeasonName() {
        return seasonName;
    }

    public String getSeasonDes() {
        return seasonDes;
    }


}
interface  Info{
    void show();
}