枚举
JDK5.0引入了新的类型——枚举
- 类的对象为有限个,确定的,称为枚举类
- 当需要定义一组常量时,强烈建议使用枚举类
- 如果枚举中只有一个对象时,可以当作单例模式的实现方式
自定义枚举类
- 方式一JDK5.0之前,自定义枚举类
//自定义枚举类
public class Season {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Season autumn = Season.AUTUMN;
System.out.println(autumn);
}
//1.声明对象的属性
private final String seasonName;
private final String seasonDes;
//2.私有化构造器,给对象属性赋值
private Season(String seasonName, String seasonDes) {
this.seasonName = seasonName;
this.seasonDes = seasonDes;
}
//3.提供当前枚举类的多个对象:public static final
public static final Season SPRING=new Season("春天","春暖花开");
public static final Season SUNNER=new Season("夏天","夏日炎炎");
public static final Season AUTUMN=new Season("秋天","秋高气爽");
public static final Season WINTER=new Season("冬天","冰天雪地");
//4.获取枚举类的属性
public String getSeasonName() {
return seasonName;
}
public String getSeasonDes() {
return seasonDes;
}
//toString()方法
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Season{" +
"seasonName='" + seasonName + '\'' +
", seasonDes='" + seasonDes + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
方式二
-
JDK5.0之后,使用enum关键字自定义枚举类
-
多个对象之间用",“隔开,末尾对象用”;"结束
-
定义的枚举类默认继承于java.lang.Enum
-
枚举类名.class.getSuperclass()
-
import javax.crypto.SealedObject;
public class Enum_Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Season1 autumn = Season1.AUTUMN;
System.out.println(Season1.class.getSuperclass());
}
}
enum Season1 {
//3.提供当前枚举类的多个对象
//多个对象之间用","隔开,末尾对象用";"结束
SPRING("春天","春暖花开"),
SUNNER("夏天","夏日炎炎"),
AUTUMN("秋天","秋高气爽"),
WINTER("冬天","冰天雪地");
//1.声明对象的属性
private final String seasonName;
private final String seasonDes;
//2.私有化构造器,给对象属性赋值
private Season1(String seasonName, String seasonDes) {
this.seasonName = seasonName;
this.seasonDes = seasonDes;
}
//4.获取枚举类的属性
public String getSeasonName() {
return seasonName;
}
public String getSeasonDes() {
return seasonDes;
}
}
Enum的主要方法
-
values():返回枚举类型的对象数组,该方法可以方便遍历所有枚举值
Season1[] values = Season1.values(); for (int i = 0; i < values.length; i++) { System.out.println(values[i]); }
-
toString() 返回当前枚举类对象枚举常量的名称
-
valueOf(String str)
可以把一个字符串转为对应的枚举类对象。要求字符必须是枚举类对象的”名字“。如果不是会有运行时异常java.lang.IllegalArgumentException
Season1 autumn1 = Season1.valueOf("AUTUMN"); System.out.println(autumn1);
使用enum关键字定义的枚举类实现接口的情况
情况一
实现接口。在enum类中实现抽象方法
public class Enum_Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Season1 autumn = Season1.AUTUMN;
/* System.out.println(Season1.class.getSuperclass());*/
/* Season1[] values = Season1.values();
for (int i = 0; i < values.length; i++) {
System.out.println(values[i]);
}*/
Season1 autumn1 = Season1.valueOf("AUTUMN");
System.out.println(autumn1);
autumn1.show();
}
}
enum Season1 implements Info {
//3.提供当前枚举类的多个对象
//多个对象之间用","隔开,末尾对象用";"结束
SPRING("春天","春暖花开"),
SUNNER("夏天","夏日炎炎"),
AUTUMN("秋天","秋高气爽"),
WINTER("冬天","冰天雪地");
//1.声明对象的属性
private final String seasonName;
private final String seasonDes;
//2.私有化构造器,给对象属性赋值
private Season1(String seasonName, String seasonDes) {
this.seasonName = seasonName;
this.seasonDes = seasonDes;
}
//4.获取枚举类的属性
public String getSeasonName() {
return seasonName;
}
public String getSeasonDes() {
return seasonDes;
}
@Override
public void show() {
System.out.println("这是一个季节");
}
}
interface Info{
void show();
}
情况二
- 让每个枚举类的对象分别实现接口中的抽象方法
public class Enum_Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Season1 autumn = Season1.AUTUMN;
/* System.out.println(Season1.class.getSuperclass());*/
/* Season1[] values = Season1.values();
for (int i = 0; i < values.length; i++) {
System.out.println(values[i]);
}*/
Season1 autumn1 = Season1.valueOf("AUTUMN");
System.out.println(autumn1);
autumn1.show();
}
}
enum Season1 implements Info {
//3.提供当前枚举类的多个对象
//多个对象之间用","隔开,末尾对象用";"结束
SPRING("春天","春暖花开"){
@Override
public void show() {
System.out.println("春天来了");
}
},
SUNNER("夏天","夏日炎炎"){
@Override
public void show() {
System.out.println("夏天来了");
}
},
AUTUMN("秋天","秋高气爽"){
@Override
public void show() {
System.out.println("秋天来了");
}
},
WINTER("冬天","冰天雪地"){
@Override
public void show() {
System.out.println("冬天来了");
}
};
//1.声明对象的属性
private final String seasonName;
private final String seasonDes;
//2.私有化构造器,给对象属性赋值
private Season1(String seasonName, String seasonDes) {
this.seasonName = seasonName;
this.seasonDes = seasonDes;
}
//4.获取枚举类的属性
public String getSeasonName() {
return seasonName;
}
public String getSeasonDes() {
return seasonDes;
}
}
interface Info{
void show();
}