数组方法
数组转字符串
1. toString () (将数组转化为字符串,以逗号分隔)
例:
var arr = [1,2,3,"xiewenjie","hi"];
console.log(arr.toString());
//打印结果:1,2,3,xiewenjie,hi
2. join ()(将数组元素结合为一个字符串可指定分隔符)
例:
var arr1 = ["2019","8","22","周四"];
console.log(arr1.join("-"));
//打印结果:2019—8—22—周四
数组元素增删
3. push ()(在数组结尾处给数组添加新元素 返回值是新数组长度)
例:
var arr2 = ["2019","8","22","周四"];
console.log(arr2.push("-23:13"));
console.log(arr2);
//打印结果:
5
["2019", "8", "22", "周四", "-23:13"]
4. pop ()(删除数组结尾最后一个元素 返回值是被删除的元素)
例:
var arr3 = ["2019","8","22","周四"];
console.log(arr3.pop());
console.log(arr3);
//打印结果:
周四
["2019", "8", "22"]
5. shift ()(删除数组首位元素 返回值是被删除的元素)
例:
var arr4 = ["2019","8","22","周四"];
console.log(arr4.shift());
console.log(arr4);
//打印结果:
2019
["8", "22", "周四"]
6. unshift ()(在数组最前面添加元素 返回值是新数组长度)
例:
var arr5 = ["2019","8","22","周四"];
console.log(arr5.unshift("时间"));
console.log(arr5);
//打印结果:
5
["时间:", "2019", "8", "22", "周四"]
7. length属性(length属性提供了向数组追加元素的简易方法)
例:
var arr6 = ["2019","8","22","周四"];
arr6[arr6.length]="快十二点了"
console.log(arr6);
//打印结果:
["2019", "8", "22", "周四", "快十二点了"]
8. delete运算符(删除数组中的元素,但是会在数组中留下未定义的空洞)
例:
var arr7 = ["2019","8","22","周四"];
delete arr7[0];
console.log(arr7);
//打印结果:
[empty, "8", "22", "周四"]
9. splice (arg1,arg2,其余参数) (可实现为数组在任意位置增删元素)
- 添加元素
例:
第一个参数(2):表示应添加新元素的位置(拼接)var fruits = ["Banana", "Orange", "Apple", "Mango"]; fruits.splice(2, 0, "Lemon", "Kiwi"); console.log(fruits); //打印结果 ["Banana", "Orange", "Lemon", "Kiwi", "Apple", "Mango"]
第二个参数(0):表示应该删除多少元素
其余参数:表示添加的新元素 - 删除元素
例:
第一个参数(0):表示应添加新元素的位置,为0就是不添加var fruits = ["Banana", "Orange", "Apple", "Mango"]; fruits.splice(0, 2); console.log(fruits); //打印结果 ["Apple", "Mango"]
第二个参数(2):表示应该删除多少元素
其余参数没有:表示不为其添加新元素
合并数组
10.concat () (通过合并现有数组来创建新数组,不更改现有数组,且参数数量任意)
例:
var arr1 =[1,2,3,4];
var arr2 =[5,6,7,8];
var arr3 = [9, 10, 11, 12];
var newarr =arr1.concat(arr2,arr3);
console.log(newarr);
//打印结果:
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12]
裁剪数组
11.slice() (用数组的某个片段切出新数组)
例:
var arr1 =["小谢","最","可爱","呀"];
var newarr1 =arr1.slice(1);
var newarr2 =arr1.slice(0,3);
console.log(newarr1);
console.log(newarr2);
//打印结果:
(3) ["最", "可爱", "呀"]```
(3) ["小谢", "最", "可爱"]
一个参数时:会从数组该下标位置处裁剪出剩下的元素
两个参数时(0,3):表示[0,3),会从开始参数开始选取元素直到结束参数为止(不包括结束参数)
12. reverse() 反转数组
例:
var arr2 = ['c', 's', 't', 'g', 'd'];
var newarr2 =arr2.reverse();
console.log(newarr2);
//打印结果:
(5) ["d", "g", "t", "s", "c"]
数组排序
13. sort() (以字母顺序对数组进行排序)
例:
var arr1 =["小谢","最","可爱","呀"];
var arr2 = ['c', 's', 't', 'g', 'd'];
var newarr1 =arr1.sort();
var newarr2 =arr2.sort();
console.log(newarr1);
console.log(newarr2);
//打印结果:
(4) ["可爱", "呀", "小谢", "最"]
["c", "d", "g", "s", "t"]