【sprintboot+vue】前后端分离模式下的登录验证码验证

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-10 08:00:00 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-08-10 08:00:00 发布

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文章标签： java

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_45336946/article/details/120757351

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本文介绍了如何在SpringBoot后端生成验证码并返回给Vue前端进行安全验证。通过创建验证码生成类VerifyCodeUtils，利用Base64编码将图片转为字符串，前端接收到验证码图片后展示给用户。用户输入验证码后，前端将其发送到后端进行比对，确保了验证码的安全性。同时，给出了Vue前端如何渲染验证码控件和发送请求获取验证码的实现细节。

摘要由CSDN通过智能技术生成

【项目背景】

考虑登录时的验证安全，需要添加验证码验证，纯前端实现的验证码其实没有真正意义上做到安全验证的要求，简单一个网页爬虫就能获取到前端生成的验证码，所以应该由后台生成验证码，并由后台完成校验过程。

【实现思路】

登录页面初始化的时候，向后台请求返回base64格式的图片流，渲染到验证码控件上，前端用户输入验证码提交到后台进行对比校验。

【实现过程】

Spring Boot 后端代码

#1#-> 先创建一个验证码图片生成类 VerifyCodeUtils.java

package com.mhwz.utils;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.geom.AffineTransform;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Random;

public class VerifyCodeUtils{

//使用到Algerian字体，系统里没有的话需要安装字体，字体只显示大写，去掉了1,0,i,o几个容易混淆的字符
public static final String VERIFY_CODES = "23456789ABCDEFGHJKLMNPQRSTUVWXYZ";
private static Random random = new Random();

/**
 * 使用系统默认字符源生成验证码
 *
 * @param verifySize 验证码长度
 * @return
 */
public static String generateVerifyCode(int verifySize) {
    return generateVerifyCode(verifySize, VERIFY_CODES);
}

/**
 * 使用指定源生成验证码
 *
 * @param verifySize 验证码长度
 * @param sources    验证码字符源
 * @return
 */
public static String generateVerifyCode(int verifySize, String sources) {
    if (sources == null || sources.length() == 0) {
        sources = VERIFY_CODES;
    }
    int codesLen = sources.length();
    Random rand = new Random(System.currentTimeMillis());
    StringBuilder verifyCode = new StringBuilder(verifySize);
    for (int i = 0; i < verifySize; i++) {
        verifyCode.append(sources.charAt(rand.nextInt(codesLen - 1)));
    }
    return verifyCode.toString();
}

/**
 * 生成随机验证码文件,并返回验证码值
 *
 * @param w
 * @param h
 * @param outputFile
 * @param verifySize
 * @return
 * @throws IOException
 */
public static String outputVerifyImage(int w, int h, File outputFile, int verifySize) throws IOException {
    String verifyCode = generateVerifyCode(verifySize);
    outputImage(w, h, outputFile, verifyCode);
    return verifyCode;
}

/**
 * 输出随机验证码图片流,并返回验证码值
 *
 * @param w
 * @param h
 * @param os
 * @param verifySize
 * @return
 * @throws IOException
 */
public static String outputVerifyImage(int w, int h, OutputStream os, int verifySize) throws IOException {
    String verifyCode = generateVerifyCode(verifySize);
    outputImage(w, h, os, verifyCode);
    return verifyCode;
}

/**
 * 生成指定验证码图像文件
 *
 * @param w
 * @param h
 * @param outputFile
 * @param code
 * @throws IOException
 */
public static void outputImage(int w, int h, File outputFile, String code) throws IOException {
    if (outputFile == null) {
        return;
    }
    File dir = outputFile.getParentFile();
    if (!dir.exists()) {
        dir.mkdirs();
    }
    try {
        outputFile.createNewFile();
        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(outputFile);
        outputImage(w, h, fos, code);
        fos.close();
    } catch (IOException e) {
        throw e;
    }
}

/**
 * 输出指定验证码图片流
 *
 * @param w
 * @param h
 * @param os
 * @param code
 * @throws IOException
 */
public static void outputImage(int w, int h, OutputStream os, String code) throws IOException {
    int verifySize = code.length();
    BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(w, h, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
    Random rand = new Random();
    Graphics2D g2 = image.createGraphics();
    g2.setRenderingHint(RenderingHints.KEY_ANTIALIASING, RenderingHints.VALUE_ANTIALIAS_ON);
    Color[] colors = new Color[5];
    Color[] colorSpaces = new Color[]{Color.WHITE, Color.CYAN,
            Color.GRAY, Color.LIGHT_GRAY, Color.MAGENTA, Color.ORANGE,
            Color.PINK, Color.YELLOW};
    float[] fractions = new float[colors.length];
    for (int i = 0; i < colors.length; i++) {
        colors[i] = colorSpaces[rand.nextInt(colorSpaces.length)];
        fractions[i] = rand.nextFloat();
    }
    Arrays.sort(fractions);

    g2.setColor(Color.GRAY);// 设置边框色
    g2.fillRect(0, 0, w, h);

    Color c = getRandColor(200, 250);
    g2.setColor(c);// 设置背景色
    g2.fillRect(0, 2, w, h - 4);

    //绘制干扰线
    Random random = new Random();
    g2.setColor(getRandColor(160, 200));// 设置线条的颜色
    for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
        int x = random.nextInt(w - 1);
        int y = random.nextInt(h - 1);
        int xl = random.nextInt(6) + 1;
        int yl = random.nextInt(12) + 1;
        g2.drawLine(x, y, x + xl + 40, y + yl + 20);
    }

    // 添加噪点
    float yawpRate = 0.05f;// 噪声率
    int area = (int) (yawpRate * w * h);
    for (int i = 0; i < area; i++) {
        int x = random.nextInt(w);
        int y = random.nextInt(h);
        int rgb = getRandomIntColor();
        image.setRGB(x, y, rgb);
    }

    shear(g2, w, h, c);// 使图片扭曲

    g2.setColor(getRandColor(100, 160));
    int fontSize = h - 4;
    Font font = new Font("Algerian", Font.ITALIC, fontSize);
    g2.setFont(font);
    char[] chars = code.toCharArray();
    for (int i = 0; i < verifySize; i++) {
        AffineTransform affine = new AffineTransform();
        affine.setToRotation(Math.PI / 4 * rand.nextDouble() * (rand.nextBoolean() ? 1 : -1), (w / verifySize) * i + fontSize / 2, h / 2);
        g2.setTransform(affine);
        g2.drawChars(chars, i, 1, ((w - 10) / verifySize) * i + 5, h / 2 + fontSize / 2 - 10);
    }

    g2.dispose();
    ImageIO.write(image, "jpg", os);
}

private static Color getRandColor(int fc, int bc) {
    if (fc > 255)
        fc = 255;
    if (bc > 255)
        bc = 255;
    int r = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);
    int g = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);
    int b = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);
    return new Color(r, g, b);
}

private static int getRandomIntColor() {
    int[] rgb = getRandomRgb();
    int color = 0;
    for (int c : rgb) {
        color = color << 8;
        color = color | c;
    }
    return color;
}

private static int[] getRandomRgb() {
    int[] rgb = new int[3];
    for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
        rgb[i] = random.nextInt(255);
    }
    return rgb;
}

private static void shear(Graphics g, int w1, int h1, Color color) {
    shearX(g, w1, h1, color);
    shearY(g, w1, h1, color);
}

private static void shearX(Graphics g, int w1, int h1, Color color) {

    int period = random.nextInt(2);

    boolean borderGap = true;
    int frames = 1;
    int phase = random.nextInt(2);

    for (int i = 0; i < h1; i++) {
        double d = (double) (period >> 1)
                * Math.sin((double) i / (double) period
                + (6.2831853071795862D * (double) phase)
                / (double) frames);
        g.copyArea(0, i, w1, 1, (int) d, 0);
        if (borderGap) {
            g.setColor(color);
            g.drawLine((int) d, i, 0, i);
            g.drawLine((int) d + w1, i, w1, i);
        }
    }

}

private static void shearY(Graphics g, int w1, int h1, Color color) {

    int period = random.nextInt(40) + 10; // 50;

    boolean borderGap = true;
    int frames = 20;
    int phase = 7;
    for (int i = 0; i < w1; i++) {
        double d = (double) (period >> 1)
                * Math.sin((double) i / (double) period
                + (6.2831853071795862D * (double) phase)
                / (double) frames);
        g.copyArea(i, 0, 1, h1, 0, (int) d);
        if (borderGap) {
            g.setColor(color);
            g.drawLine(i, (int) d, i, 0);
            g.drawLine(i, (int) d + h1, i, h1);
        }

    }

}

}

#2#-> Controller类 Controller.java

（1）新增验证码返回接口 /getVerifyCodeImage

// 生成验证码
@GetMapping("/getVerifyCodeImage")
public String getImageCode(HttpServletRequest request) throws IOException{
// 1. 使用工具类生成验证码
String code = VertifyCodeUtils.generateVerifyCode(4);
validate_code = code; // 存放生成的验证码
// 2. 将验证码放入ServletContext作用域
request.getServletContext().setAttribute("code", code);
// 3. 将图片转换成base64格式
// 字节数组输出流在内存中创建一个字节数组缓冲区，所有发送到输出流的数据保存在该字节数组缓冲区中
ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOutputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
//将得到的验证码，使用工具类生成验证码图片，并放入到字节数组缓存区
VertifyCodeUtils.outputImage(220,60,byteArrayOutputStream,code);
//使用spring提供的工具类，将字节缓存数组中的验证码图片流转换成Base64的形式
//并返回给浏览器
return "data:image/png;base64," + Base64Utils.encodeToString(byteArrayOutputStream.toByteArray());

}
（2）在原本的登录接口/login中添加验证码校验过程

	// 验证成功
    if(verifyCode.equalsIgnoreCase(validate_code)){
        Page page = new Page();
        page.setReason(user);
        JSONObject userSession = (JSONObject) userService.login(acc,pwd);
        if(userSession == null){
            return new Result().fail("ACC OR PWD FAIL");
        }
        if(userSession.getBoolean("status") != null && !userSession.getBoolean("status")){
            throw new MyException("用户已被禁止启用").code(MyStatusCode.NOT_ENABLED);
        }
        session.setAttribute("USER",userSession.toJavaObject(UserSession.class));
        return new Result().success(userSession,1);
    } else { // 验证失败
        return new Result().fail("验证码错误");
    }

完整的Controller.java

package com.controller;
 
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONArray;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import com.vone.mms.config.MyStatusCode;
import com.vone.mms.entity.MyException;
import com.vone.mms.entity.Result;
import com.vone.mms.entity.UserSession;
import com.vone.mms.entity.Page;
import com.vone.mms.entity.dao.MenuView;
import com.vone.mms.entity.dao.User;
import com.vone.mms.entity.web.VueRouter;
import com.vone.mms.util.VerifyCodeUtils;
import org.springframework.util.Base64Utils;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import org.springframework.web.bind.support.SessionStatus;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

@RestController
@RequestMapping
public class Controller {

private String validate_code = null;

@Autowired
protected UserService userService;

@RequestMapping("login")
String login(HttpSession session , @RequestBody Map<String, String> user) throws MyException {

    String acc = user.get("acc");
    String pwd = user.get("pwd");
    String verifyCode = user.get("verifyCode");

    // 验证成功
    if(verifyCode.equalsIgnoreCase(validate_code)){
        Page page = new Page();
        page.setReason(user);
        JSONObject userSession = (JSONObject) userService.login(acc,pwd);
        if(userSession == null){
            return new Result().fail("ACC OR PWD FAIL");
        }
        if(userSession.getBoolean("status") != null && !userSession.getBoolean("status")){
            throw new MyException("用户已被禁止启用").code(MyStatusCode.NOT_ENABLED);
        }
        session.setAttribute("USER",userSession.toJavaObject(UserSession.class));
        return new Result().success(userSession,1);
    } else { // 验证失败
        return new Result().fail("验证码错误");
    }
}
 // 生成验证码
@GetMapping("/getVerifyCodeImage")
public String getImageCode(HttpServletRequest request) throws IOException {
    // 1. 使用工具类生成验证码
    String code = VerifyCodeUtils.generateVerifyCode(4);
    validate_code = code; // 存放生成的验证码
    // 2. 将验证码放入ServletContext作用域
    request.getServletContext().setAttribute("code", code);
    // 3. 将图片转换成base64格式
    // 字节数组输出流在内存中创建一个字节数组缓冲区，所有发送到输出流的数据保存在该字节数组缓冲区中
    ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOutputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
    //将得到的验证码，使用工具类生成验证码图片，并放入到字节数组缓存区
    VerifyCodeUtils.outputImage(220,60,byteArrayOutputStream,code);
    //使用spring提供的工具类，将字节缓存数组中的验证码图片流转换成Base64的形式
    //并返回给浏览器
    return "data:image/png;base64," + Base64Utils.encodeToString(byteArrayOutputStream.toByteArray());
	}
}

Vue 前端代码

#1#-> 渲染验证码控件

<template>
 <div id="app" :class="baseClasses" @keydown.enter="full_KeyD_Enter()">

<div class="login-body">
  <div class="login-card px-boxShadow">
    <div class="login-card-line login-card-line-head">
      <h1 v-if="langType != 'zh-cn'">{{$t('yonghu')}} {{$t('denglu')}}</h1>
      <h1 v-else>{{$t('yonghu')}}{{$t('denglu')}}</h1>
    </div>
    <div class="login-card-line login-card-line-acc">
      <el-input v-model="acc" placeholder="账号" maxlength="24" prefix-icon="el-icon-user" clearable></el-input>
    </div>
    <div class="login-card-line">
      <el-input v-model="pwd" placeholder="密码" show-password prefix-icon="el-icon-lock" clearable></el-input>
    </div>
    <!-- 验证码 -->
    <div class="login-card-line">
      <el-input v-model="verifyCode" placeholder="验证码" prefix-icon="el-icon-key">
        <template slot="append">
          <el-image style="width: 100px" :src="code_url" @click="getVerifyCode" title="看不清？点击切换"></el-image>
        </template>
      </el-input>
    </div>
    <div class="login-card-line">
      <!-- <div>{{$t('gongsidaima')}}</div> -->
      <!-- <input v-model="code" maxlength="6" :placeholder="$t('gongsidaima')" :class="['company-code-input',code==''? 'no-code':'got-code']" /> -->
      <div style="float: right;display: flex;line-height: 29px;">
        <div style="margin-right: 10px;color: white;">{{$t('jizhumima')}}</div>
        <el-switch style="margin-top: 4px;" v-model="remember" active-color="#13ce66"></el-switch>
      </div>

    </div>
    <div class="login-card-line remember" v-if="false">


    </div>
    <div class="login-lang-change" v-if="false">
      <div v-if="$i18n.locale == 'ZH-CN'" class="bechoice" @click="languageChange('ZH-CN')">中文</div>
      <div v-if="$i18n.locale != 'ZH-CN'" @click="languageChange('ZH-CN')">中文</div>
      <div v-if="$i18n.locale == 'ZH-CN'" @click="languageChange('EN')">English</div>
      <div v-if="$i18n.locale != 'ZH-CN'" class="bechoice" @click="languageChange('EN')">English</div>
    </div>

    <div class="login-card-line login-card-line-foot">
      <button @click="loginCheck()" class="pointer">
        {{“登录”}}
      </button>
    </div>
  </div>
</div>
</div>
</template>

#2#-> data里添加对应的code_url字段

<script>
  export default {
    name: 'Login',
    data () {
      return {
        // 验证码图片URL
        code_url: ''
      }
    }
  }
</script>

#3#-> methods添加获取验证码的请求代码

// 获取验证码
  	async getVerifyCode () {
    var that = this;
    var axios = that.axios;

    axios({
      method: 'get',
      url: '/getVerifyCodeImage',
      df: false
    }).then((response) => {
      if (!response) {
        return
      }
      var data = response.data;
      that.code_url = data;
    }).catch((error) => {
      that.errorhanding(error)
    });
  },

#4#-> 初始化加载验证码

created () {
this.getVerifyCode() // 页面初始化从后端加载验证码
}
【实现效果】

在这里插入图片描述