2021-2022-1 20212821《Linux内核原理与分析》第三周作业

• 实验二：完成一个简单的时间片轮转多道程序内核代码

• 首先按照实验楼所指示的步骤进行实验，结果如下图所示：

• 上述实验代码仅包含时钟中断，并不涉及多道程序进程切换，下面进行代码修改，修改后的代码如下：

• 首先新增了一个名称为mypcb.h的头文件：

#define MAX_TASK_NUM        4
#define KERNEL_STACK_SIZE   1024*2
/* CPU-specific state of this task */
struct Thread {
        unsigned long       ip;
            unsigned long       sp;
};
typedef struct PCB{
        int pid;
        volatile long state;
        unsigned long stack[KERNEL_STACK_SIZE];
        struct Thread thread;
        unsigned long   task_entry;
        struct PCB *next;
}tPCB;
void my_schedule(void);

• 然后对文件mymain.c进行修改：

#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/string.h>
#include <linux/ctype.h>
#include <linux/tty.h>
#include <linux/vmalloc.h>


#include "mypcb.h"

tPCB task[MAX_TASK_NUM];
tPCB * my_current_task = NULL;
volatile int my_need_sched = 0;

void my_process(void);


void __init my_start_kernel(void)
{
        int pid = 0;
        int i;
        task[pid].pid = pid;
        task[pid].state = 0;
        task[pid].task_entry = task[pid].thread.ip = (unsigned long)my_process;
        task[pid].thread.sp = (unsigned long)&task[pid].stack[KERNEL_STACK_SIZE-1];
        task[pid].next = &task[pid];
        for(i=1;i<MAX_TASK_NUM;i++){
            memcpy(&task[i],&task[0],sizeof(tPCB));
            task[i].pid = i;
            task[i].thread.sp = (unsigned long)(&task[i].stack[KERNEL_STACK_SIZE-1]);
            task[i].next = task[i-1].next;
            task[i-1].next = &task[i];
                                                                                            }
            pid = 0;
            my_current_task = &task[pid];
            asm volatile(
                 "movl %1,%%esp\n\t"
                 "pushl %1\n\t"
                 "pushl %0\n\t"
                 "ret\n\t"
                 "popl %%ebp\n\t"
                 : 
                 : "c" (task[pid].thread.ip),"d" (task[pid].thread.sp));
} 

int i = 0;

void my_process(void)
{    
     while(1){
     i++;
     if(i%10000000 == 0){
        printk(KERN_NOTICE "this is process %d -\n",my_current_task->pid);
        if(my_need_sched == 1){
           my_need_sched = 0;
           my_schedule();
           }
        printk(KERN_NOTICE "this is process %d +\n",my_current_task->pid);
        }     
     }
}

• 最后对文件myinterrupt.c也进行了相应的修改：

#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/string.h>
#include <linux/ctype.h>
#include <linux/tty.h>
#include <linux/vmalloc.h>

#include "mypcb.h"

extern tPCB task[MAX_TASK_NUM];
extern tPCB * my_current_task;
extern volatile int my_need_sched;
volatile int time_count = 0;

/*
 *  * Called by timer interrupt.
 *   * it runs in the name of current running process,
 *    * so it use kernel stack of current running process
 *     */
void my_timer_handler(void){
#if 1
    if(time_count%1000 == 0 && my_need_sched != 1){
       printk(KERN_NOTICE ">>>my_timer_handler here<<<\n");
       my_need_sched = 1;
}
    time_count ++ ;
#endif
    return;
}

void my_schedule(void){
    tPCB * next;
    tPCB * prev;
    if(my_current_task == NULL || my_current_task->next == NULL){
        return;
}
    printk(KERN_NOTICE ">>>my_schedule<<<\n");
    /* schedule */
    next = my_current_task->next;
    prev = my_current_task;
    if(next->state == 0){/* -1 unrunnable, 0 runnable, >0 stopped */
       my_current_task = next;
       printk(KERN_NOTICE ">>>switch %d to %d<<<\n",prev->pid,next->pid);
       asm volatile(
           "pushl %%ebp\n\t"//将prev进程的EBP压入栈中
           "movl %%esp,%0\n\t"//将当前ESP存入prev进程的thread.sp中，保存prev进程的栈顶
           "movl %2,%%esp\n\t"//将next进程的thread.sp栈顶存入ESP中
           "movl $1f,%1\n\t"//将立即数1f存入prev进程的thread.ip中，下次调用prev进程时从该处开始执行指令
           "pushl %3\n\t"//将next进程的thread.ip压栈
           "ret\n\t"//将next进程的thread.ip出栈，并存入EIP中，下一条指令从EIP即next进程的thread.ip所指指令开始执行，程序切换到next进程
           "1:\t"
           "popl %%ebp\n\t"
           : "=m" (prev->thread.sp),"=m" (prev->thread.ip)
           : "m" (next->thread.sp),"m" (next->thread.ip));
}
    return;
}

• 实验分析

• 由于在上述除0号进程以外的进程初始化语句中省略了“ task[pid].state = -1”这条语句，使得所有进程初始化后的state均为runnable，即0，因此在进程切换函数my_schedule(void)中将if-else语句调整为if语句，以此来实现进程的切换。
• 程序初始化完毕后，首先执行0号进程，0号进程的入口地址为函数my_process()；因此开始执行函数my_process()；在0号进程执行过程中，函数my_timer_handler()会被内核调用，触发时钟中断，并当条件满足时，置my_need_sched=1，表示需要进行时间片轮转进程调度；之后在0号进程执行到if(i%10000000==0)若条件满足则会执行以下语句：

        printk(KERN_NOTICE "this is process %d -\n",my_current_task->pid);
        if(my_need_sched == 1){
           my_need_sched = 0;
           my_schedule();
           }
        printk(KERN_NOTICE "this is process %d +\n",my_current_task->pid);

• 之前my_timer_handler()已经将my_need_sched置为1，条件判断为真，则紧接着会执行“my_need_sched = 0;my_schedule();”这两条语句。首先使my_need_sched重新为0，防止当前时间片用完之前再次发生进程切换，当前时间片用完时再次置为1，然后调用函数my_schedule()进行进程的切换。
• 进程切换的详细过程如上述代码中的注释，当执行完指令"ret\n\t"后，程序转入next进程中thread.ip所指的指令地址处开始执行指令，程序成功切换到了next进程；之后随着时间片轮转，程序还会像上述切换过程一样不停地进行进程之间的切换。

• 实验结果截图如下