Java反射的常用用法

加油，新时代打工人！

反射获取class对象的四种方式？

1. 类名.class
2. 通过对象的getClassLoader方法的loadClass方法
3. Class.forname
4. Object.getClass方法

public class Student {

    @Field("This is name field")
   public String name;
    @Field(value = "This is age field",number =20 )
   private String age;
    @Method("This is No-argument constructor ")

    public Student() {
    }
    @Method("This is parameterized construction")
    private Student(String name, String age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(String age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }
}

public class App 
{
    public static void main( String[] args ) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("--------获取类信息----------");
        //1.
        Class<Student> aClass = Student.class;
        System.out.println(aClass);
        //2
        Class<?> classLoader = App.class.getClassLoader().loadClass("nx_03_demo.pojo.Student");
        System.out.println(classLoader);
        //3
        Class<?> forName = Class.forName("nx_03_demo.pojo.Student");
        System.out.println(forName);
        //4
        Class<? extends Student> aClass1 = new Student().getClass();
        System.out.println(aClass1);


        System.out.println(aClass.getClassLoader());//获取类加载器
        System.out.println(aClass.getName());
        System.out.println(aClass.getPackage());

        System.out.println("--------获取公有字段信息----------");
        Field[] fields = aClass.getFields();
        for (Field field : fields) {
            System.out.println(field);
        }


        System.out.println("--------获取类的修饰符----------");
        int modifiers = aClass.getModifiers();
        System.out.println(modifiers);
        System.out.println(aClass.getAnnotations());

        System.out.println("--------获取无参构造信息 而且修饰符只能时public----------");
        Class<Student> studentClass = Student.class;
        Student student1 = studentClass.newInstance();
        System.out.println(student1);

        System.out.println("--------获取所有的字段(包括私有、受保护、默认的)----------");
        Field[] declaredFields = aClass.getDeclaredFields();
        for (Field declaredField : declaredFields) {
            System.out.println(declaredField);
        }
        Field addname = aClass.getDeclaredField("name");
        addname.setAccessible(true);
        addname.set(student1,"小明");
        System.out.println(student1.getName());
        Field age = aClass.getDeclaredField("age");
        addname.setAccessible(true);
        addname.set(student1,"19");
        System.out.println(student1.getName());
              System.out.println("--------获取构造函数信息----------");
        Constructor<?>[] declaredConstructors = studentClass.getDeclaredConstructors();
        for (Constructor<?> declaredConstructor : declaredConstructors) {
            System.out.println(declaredConstructor);
        }
        System.out.println("-------获取无参构造--------");
        Constructor<Student> declaredConstructor1 = studentClass.getDeclaredConstructor();
        System.out.println(declaredConstructor1);
        System.out.println("--------获取有参构造-------");
        Constructor<Student> declaredConstructor = studentClass.getDeclaredConstructor(String.class, String.class);
        declaredConstructor.setAccessible(true);
        Student student2 = declaredConstructor.newInstance("name", "age");
        System.out.println(student2);
    }
}

运行结果

重点注意总结：
newInstance()获取无参构造时，类的构造只能时public
getDeclaredConstructor（）获取无参构造，可以得到私有、受保护、默认的修饰的构造方法。
反射可以获取到类的所有定义的属性，方法。
反射的缺点
通过底层寻找字节码大量的加载、验证、准备、解析、初始化，使用等操作，性能比较慢。
反射的优点
提高代码的灵活性，（我们现在使用的框架，只需要改配置，不需要修改代码，如：数据库的配置，username，password,url信息）