Spring引入IOC和DI

什么是IOC和DI

IOC（Inversion of Control 控制反转）：将实例化对象的控制权，由直接new转到spring容器通过反射机制实例化
DI（依赖注入）：在创建对象时，把对象的依赖属性通过设置注入到对象中

后端项目基本结构：

引入IOC前

代码实现

实体类：User.java

@Data
@ToString
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class User {
    private Integer id;
    private String name;
    private Integer gender;
}

视图类：UserVo.java

@Data
@ToString
@NoArgsConstructor
public class UserVo {
    private Integer id;
    private String name;
    private Integer gender;
    private String genderName;

    public UserVo(User user){
        this.id=user.getId();
        this.name=user.getName();
        this.gender=user.getGender();
    }
}

dao层接口：UserDao.java

public interface UserDao {
    User getInfo(Integer id);
}

dao层实现类：UserDaoImpl.java

public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {
    @Override
    public User getInfo(Integer id) {
        return new User(id,"张三",0);
    }
}

service层接口：UserService.java

public interface UserService {
    UserVo getInfo(Integer id);
}

service层实现类：UserServiceImpl.java

public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
    private UserDao userDao;

    @Override
    public UserVo getInfo(Integer id) {
        userDao = new UserDaoImpl();
        User user = userDao.getInfo(id);

        UserVo userVo = new UserVo(user);
        userVo.setGenderName(userVo.getGender() == 0 ? "female" : "male");
        return userVo;
    }
}

controlletr层：UserController.java

public class UserController {
    private UserService userService;

    public UserVo getInfo(Integer id) {
        userService=new UserServiceImpl();
        return userService.getInfo(id);
    }
}

测试类：Demo.java

public class Demo {
    @Test
    public void demo(){
        UserController userController = new UserController();
        UserVo info = userController.getInfo(1);
        System.out.println(info);
    }
}

测试

问题及解决

问题：代码的耦合度高，不利于扩展
解决：引入IOC或DI

引入IOC

首先要添加相关依赖并编写配置文件

代码实现

配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
      xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd">

	<bean id="userController" class="com.controller.UserController"/>
	<bean id="userService" class="com.service.impl.UserServiceImpl"/>
	<bean id="userDao" class="com.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl"/>
</beans>

controller层

public class UserController {
    private UserService userService;

    public UserVo getInfo(Integer id, ApplicationContext applicationContext) {
        userService= (UserService) applicationContext.getBean("userService");
        return userService.getInfo(id,applicationContext);
    }
}

service层

public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
    private UserDao userDao;

    @Override
    public UserVo getInfo(Integer id, ApplicationContext applicationContext) {
        userDao = (UserDao) applicationContext.getBean("userDao");
        User user = userDao.getInfo(id);

        UserVo userVo = new UserVo(user);
        userVo.setGenderName(userVo.getGender() == 0 ? "female" : "male");
        return userVo;
    }
}

测试类

public class Demo {
    @Test
    public void demo(){
        ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
        UserController userController = (UserController) applicationContext.getBean("userController");
        UserVo info = userController.getInfo(1, applicationContext);
        System.out.println(info);
    }
}

测试

引入DI

配置文件修改

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
      xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd">

	<context:component-scan base-package="com"/>
</beans>

代码实现

控制层

@Controller
public class UserController {
    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;

    public UserVo getInfo(Integer id) {
        userService=new UserServiceImpl();
        return userService.getInfo(id);
    }
}

业务层

@Service("userService")
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
    @Autowired
    private UserDao userDao;

    @Override
    public UserVo getInfo(Integer id) {
        userDao = new UserDaoImpl();
        User user = userDao.getInfo(id);

        UserVo userVo = new UserVo(user);
        userVo.setGenderName(userVo.getGender() == 0 ? "female" : "male");
        return userVo;
    }
}

数据持久层

@Repository("userDao")
public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {
    @Override
    public User getInfo(Integer id) {
        return new User(id,"张三",0);
    }
}

测试结果

常用注解介绍

• @Controller：将类注入到容器中，一般在控制层上使用
• @Service：将类注入到容器中，一般在业务层上使用
• @Repository：将类注入到容器中，一般在数据持久层上使用
• @Component：将类注入到容器中，一般在配置类上使用
• @Autowired：根据类型自动注入容器中的实例
• @Qualifier：通常和@Autowired一起使用，在其基础上再按照Bean的id注入实例
• @Resource：根据名称自动注入容器中的实例

注意：在类上使用@Controller、 @Service、@Repository、@Component时，可以指定Bean的id值，也可以不指定，如果没有指定Bean的id值，则其id值默认为该类的类名并且首字母小写