Linux系统的CentOS发行版安装MySQL

本文基于MySQL的官方入门手册，通过本地CentOS虚拟机模拟安装二进制发行版的MySQL。
如果之前你在操作系统中使用本地包管理系统安装过MySQL，请确保已经完全删除相关的安装资源。同时也确保 /etc/my.cnf 或则 /etc/mysql目录被移除，以防出现问题。

MySQL安装需要依赖libaio包，用来保证数据目录初始化和随后的服务器启动。

shell> yum search libaio # search for info
shell> yum install libaio # install library

1. 解压二进制包

如下命令首先确认，/usr/local下的mysql文件夹已创建

tar -xzf mysql-5.7.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/mysql

Directory	Contents of Directory
bin	mysqld server, client and utility programs
docs	MySQL manual in Info format
man	Unix manual pages
include	Include (header) files
lib	Libraries
share	Error messages, dictionary, and SQL for database installation
support-files	Miscellaneous support files

2. 安装和使用MySQL二进制分发，命令序列如下所示

shell> groupadd mysql
shell> useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql
shell> cd /usr/local
shell> tar zxvf /path/to/mysql-VERSION-OS.tar.gz
shell> ln -s full-path-to-mysql-VERSION-OS mysql
shell> cd mysql
shell> mkdir mysql-files
shell> chown mysql:mysql mysql-files
shell> chmod 750 mysql-files
shell> bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql
shell> bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup
shell> bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
# Next command is optional
shell> cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql.server

随系统启动MySql服务

shell> cd /etc/init.d/
shell> chkconfig –add mysql.server
shell> chkconfig –level 345 mysql.server on
shell> chkconfig –list

开放远程访问MySQL的端口

shell> firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=3306/tcp --zones=public
shell> firewall-cmd --reload
shell> firewall-cmd --permanent --query-ports=3306/tcp

重置mysql的root用户初始密码

1.查看root用户的临时密码，用于修改密码时校验

shell> cat /var/log/mysqld.log | grep 'temporary password'

2.使用mysqladmin进行密码修改

shell> mysqladmin -uroot -p password
Enter password: **此输入的为上一步的临时密码**
New password: 
Confirm new password: 
Warning: Since password will be sent to server in plain text, use ssl connection to ensure password safety.

3.如果忘记root密码，可执行如下操作进行密码重置

shell> service mysql stop
shell> mysqld_safe --user=mysql --skip-grant-tables --skip-networking &
shell> mysql -uroot -p
shell> update mysql.user set authentication_string=password('MySql5.7') where user='root';
shell> flush privileges;
shell> quit;
then login again!!!

启动失败案例处理办法

shell>> ./mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can't connect to local MySQL server through socket '/tmp/mysql.sock' (2)

解决办法：
/tmp目录下的mysql.sock文件是在安装过程的初始化阶段生成的
如果不存在mysql.sock就建立个空文件

ln -s /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock /tmp/mysql.sock