反射破坏单例

为什么反射能够破坏单例模式

单例模式是将构造方法私有化，而通过反射可以访问私有属性、私有方法、私有构造方法。

单例模式的演示

/**
 * @author Administrator
 * @date 2022/09/12
 */
public class PersonSingle {

    private static PersonSingle instance;

    private PersonSingle() {

    }

    public static PersonSingle getInstance() {
        if (instance == null) {
            instance = new PersonSingle();
        }
        return instance;
    }

}

测试：

/**
 * 单例模式演示
 *
 * @author Administrator
 * @date 2022/09/12
 */
public class ReflexDemo13 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        PersonSingle p1 = PersonSingle.getInstance();
        System.out.println(p1);
        PersonSingle p2 = PersonSingle.getInstance();
        System.out.println(p2);
        PersonSingle p3 = PersonSingle.getInstance();
        System.out.println(p3);
    }
}

结果输出：

com.example.entity.PersonSingle@1b6d3586
com.example.entity.PersonSingle@1b6d3586
com.example.entity.PersonSingle@1b6d3586

反射破坏单例演示

/**
 * 反射破坏单例演示
 *
 * @author Administrator
 * @date 2022/09/12
 */
public class ReflexDemo14 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IllegalAccessException, InstantiationException, NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException {
        PersonSingle p1 = PersonSingle.getInstance();
        System.out.println(p1);
        PersonSingle p2 = PersonSingle.getInstance();
        System.out.println(p2);
        PersonSingle p3 = PersonSingle.getInstance();
        System.out.println(p3);

        System.out.println("==============================");
        // 获取类对象
        Class<PersonSingle> personSingleClass = PersonSingle.class;
        Constructor<PersonSingle> declaredConstructor = personSingleClass.getDeclaredConstructor();
        declaredConstructor.setAccessible(true);
        PersonSingle personSingle = declaredConstructor.newInstance();
        System.out.println(personSingle);
    }
}

结果输出：

com.example.entity.PersonSingle@1b6d3586
com.example.entity.PersonSingle@1b6d3586
com.example.entity.PersonSingle@1b6d3586
==============================
com.example.entity.PersonSingle@4554617c

如何防止反射破坏单例

在PersonSingle的私有构造方法中，添加如下逻辑判断：

private PersonSingle() {
    if (instance != null) {
        throw new RuntimeException("实例对象已经存在，不能再创建了...");
    }
}

结果输出：

com.example.entity.PersonSingle@1b6d3586
com.example.entity.PersonSingle@1b6d3586
com.example.entity.PersonSingle@1b6d3586
==============================
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException
	at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
	at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:62)
	at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)
	at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:423)
	at com.example.demo.ReflexDemo14.main(ReflexDemo14.java:28)
Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: 实例对象已经存在，不能再创建了...
	at com.example.entity.PersonSingle.<init>(PersonSingle.java:13)
	... 5 more

学习方式建议

头脑中有对应的理论知识方案，自己再去解决问题就简单了。同时自己要善于去思考在实现单例模式时，可能会存在的漏洞等问题。