seleniumbase学习总结6 - 落地常见问题

问题1：pytest 运行脚本报错:UnicodeDecodeError: ‘gbk’ codec can’t decode byte 0xa9 in position 70

setting中设置utf-8后，重启下console窗口就好了

问题2：日期控件如何定位？

直接使用 self.type() ,输入对应格式的开始日期和结束日期v

@pytest.mark.smoke
    @allure.title("用例标题")
    def test_006(self):
        self.login()
        self.type(页面1.审核时间_开始日期, "2021-11-01")
        self.type(页面1.审核时间_结束日期, "2021-11-30")
        self.click(页面1.审核时间)
        self.click(页面1.搜索)
        time.sleep(2)  # 等待搜索后界面刷新完成
        self.assert_in("2021-11", self.get_text(页面1.表格_审核时间))

问题3：如何单机多个元素？

for i in range(1, 20):
    self.click("selector")

问题4：如何参数化用例？

示例1：unittest版本

from parameterized import parameterized
from seleniumbase import BaseCase


class GoogleTests(BaseCase):
    @parameterized.expand(
        [
            ["PyPI", "pypi.org", 'img[alt="PyPI"]'],
            ["Wikipedia", "www.wikipedia.org", "img.central-featured-logo"],
            ["SeleniumBase GitHub.com", "SeleniumBase", 'img[title*="Sele"]'],
        ]
    )
    def test_parameterized_google_search(self, search_key, expected_text, img):
        self.open("https://google.com/ncr")
        self.type('input[title="Search"]', search_key + "\n")
        self.assert_element("#result-stats")
        self.assert_text(expected_text, "#search")
        self.click('a:contains("%s")' % expected_text)
        self.assert_element(img)
        if "SeleniumBase" in search_key:
            self.click('img[alt="SeleniumBase.io Docs"]')
            self.assert_element('[title="SeleniumBase Docs"]')
            self.click('a:contains("Features List")')
            self.assert_text("Features List", "h1")

示例2：pytest版本
import pytest


@pytest.mark.parametrize('value', ["pytest", "selenium"])
def test_sb_fixture_with_no_class(sb, value):
    sb.open("https://google.com/ncr")
    sb.update_text('input[title="Search"]', value + '\n')
    sb.assert_text(value, "div#center_col")


class Test_SB_Fixture():
    @pytest.mark.parametrize('value', ["pytest", "selenium"])
    def test_sb_fixture_inside_class(self, sb, value):
        sb.open("https://google.com/ncr")
        sb.update_text('input[title="Search"]', value + '\n')
        sb.assert_text(value, "div#center_col")

问题5：xpath中的contain方法

self.click('//a[contains(text(),"Button")]')

问题6：关于conftest.py

默认情况下，conftest被禁用，因为它可能会覆盖定义SeleniumBase固定装置的pytest插件，
但如果您知道其中，可以您从您的SeleniumBase克隆转到https://github.com/seleniumbase/SeleniumBase/blob/master/ pytest.ini的本地版本，并删除显示–ignore conftest.py。

问题7：将一个用例执行多次

import pytest
from parameterized import parameterized
from seleniumbase import BaseCase


class RepeatTests(BaseCase):
    @parameterized.expand([[]] * 2)
    def test_repeat_this_test_with_parameterized(self):
        self.open("https://seleniumbase.io")
        self.click('a[href="help_docs/method_summary/"]')
        self.assert_text("API Reference", "h1")


@pytest.mark.parametrize("", [[]] * 2)
def test_repeat_this_test_with_pytest_parametrize(sb):
    sb.open("https://seleniumbase.io")
    sb.click('a[href="seleniumbase/console_scripts/ReadMe/"]')
    sb.assert_text("Console Scripts", "h1")


class RepeatTestsWithPytest():
    @pytest.mark.parametrize("", [[]] * 2)
    def test_repeat_test_with_pytest_parametrize(self, sb):
        sb.open("https://seleniumbase.io")
        sb.click('a[href="help_docs/customizing_test_runs/"]')
        sb.assert_text("Command Line Options", "h1")

问题8：print() 方法没打印出来？

a = self.get_text(‘css selector’)
print(a)
pytest.ini 文件包括“–capture=no”，它将控制台输出打印到屏幕上。否则，在使用 pytest 运行时，您可能需要添加“-s”作为参数

问题9：assert_in()断言失败？报错：E AssertionError: ‘6206’ not found in ‘18866660001’

因为没有加2秒的等待，直接就定位了，定位到的元素肯定与内容不匹配

问题10：当测试步骤超过10个时候，存在定位失败的问题？

应该增大最大显性等待时间 timeout=30，另外，也可以在该元素定位前等待1秒 delay=1

@pytest.mark.smoke
    @allure.title("输入国家、省州、城市、状态、申请时间、审核时间、关键字，点击搜索，搜索到指定数据")
    def test_008(self):
        self.login()
        self.click(页面1.下拉框_国家, timeout=30, delay=1)
        self.click(页面1.中国)
        self.click(页面1.下拉框_省州, timeout=30, delay=1)
        self.click(页面1.陕西)
        self.click(页面1.下拉框_城市, timeout=30, delay=1)
        self.click(页面1.西安)
        self.click(页面1.下拉框_状态, timeout=30, delay=1)
        self.click(页面1.状态_选了国省城市后的正常, timeout=30, delay=1)
        self.type(页面1.申请时间_开始日期, "2021-01-01")
        self.type(页面1.申请时间_结束日期, "2021-11-30")
        self.type(页面1.审核时间_开始日期, "2021-01-01")
        self.type(页面1.审核时间_结束日期, "2021-11-30")
        self.click(页面1.搜索, timeout=30, delay=1)
        self.sleep(2)
        self.assert_text_visible("西安", 页面1.表格_城市)

问题11：如何使用 if 处理操作步骤的异常场景

@pytest.mark.smoke
    @allure.title("用例标题")
    def test_013(self):
        self.login()
        self.click(页面1.xxx)
        self.click(页面1.xxx)
        if not self.is_selected(页面1.xxx):
            self.assert_false(self.is_selected(页面1.xxx))
            self.click(页面1.xxx)
            self.assert_element_not_visible(页面1.xxx)
        else:
            self.assert_true(self.is_selected(页面1.xxx))
            self.type(页面1.xxx, "99")
            self.click(页面1.xxx)
            self.assert_element_not_visible(页面1.xxx)
            self.sleep(4)
            self.assert_element_not_visible(页面1.xxxx)

问题12：如何验证导出的excel能打开，内容正确？

断言excel 文件名正确
断言excel sheet页名正确
断言excel 文件列名正确
断言excel 第三行数据的订单号跟界面获取的一致

import pandas as pd
from .page_objects import 页面1
import datetime
    @pytest.mark.smoke
    @allure.title("导出excel表格数据，导出成功")
    def test_order_002(self):
        self.进入界面()
        self.click(页面1.搜索)
        self.sleep(1)
        搜索后界面的订单号 = self.get_text(页面1.第三行数据的订单编号)
        self.click(页面1.导出页面1数据)
        self.sleep(1)
        # self.assert_element(页面1.导出成功提示语)
        # self.assert_text("导出数据", 页面1.导出成功提示语)
        # self.assert_text_visible("导出数据", 页面1.导出成功提示语)
        # self.assert_exact_text("导出数据成功", 页面1.导出成功提示语)
        # self.assert_in("成功", self.get_text(页面1.导出成功提示语))
        # self.assert_equal("导出数据成功", self.get_text(页面1.导出成功提示语))
        # self.assert_true(self.get_text(页面1.导出成功提示语))
        self.assert_element_visible(页面1.导出成功提示语)
        self.sleep(4)
        self.assert_element_not_visible(页面1.导出成功提示语)
        # 断言excel 文件名正确
        file = f"页面1_{str(datetime.datetime.now()).split(' ')[0]}.xlsx"
        self.assert_downloaded_file(file, timeout=3)
        sheet_name = list(pd.read_excel(f"./downloaded_files/{file}", sheet_name=None, engine="openpyxl").keys())[0]
        # 断言excel sheet页名正确
        self.assert_equal("远程连接", sheet_name)
        表格数据 = pd.read_excel(f"./downloaded_files/{file}", sheet_name=0)
        # 断言excel 文件列名正确
        self.assert_equal([i for i in 表格数据.keys()], 页面1.导出表格的所有列名)
        # 断言excel 第三行数据的订单号跟界面获取的一致
        self.assert_equal(搜索后界面的订单号, str(表格数据.values[2][0]))

问题13：如何界面的数据不是你想的，怎么处理？如何对操作步骤的异常做处理？if做判断

@pytest.mark.smoke
    @allure.title("用例标题")
    def test_016(self):
        self.login()
        if self.get_text(页面1.表格_冻结或启用) == "冻结":
            self.click(页面1.表格_冻结或启用)
            self.click(页面1.冻结_确定)
            self.sleep(4)  # 等提示语消失，否则后面断言会失败
        self.click(页面1.表格_冻结或启用)
        self.assert_element_visible(页面1.启用_确定启用该专家)

问题14：如何处理ie弹框问题？self.ad_block()

    def login(self):
        # 国内
        self.open('https://baidu.com')
        # 最大化窗口
        self.maximize_window()
        #  阻止弹框，比如ie浏览器
        self.ad_block()

问题15：如何加密账号和密码？

sbase encrypt 将密码转换为暗码
sbase decrypt 将密码转换为明码

from seleniumbase import BaseCase
from seleniumbase import encryption


class DecryptionTests(BaseCase):
    def test_decrypt_password(self):
        self.open("https://www.saucedemo.com")
        password = encryption.decrypt("$^*ENCRYPT=S3BDTAdCWzMmKEY8Gjg=?&#$")
        self.type("#password", password)
        self.click('input[type="submit"]')
        self.assert_element("#inventory_container")
        self.assert_element('div:contains("Sauce Labs Backpack")')

问题16：如何使用token登陆界面？

    def login(self):
        # （1）使用token实现免密登陆
        self.open("https://baidu.com/")
        self.execute_script('localStorage.setItem("token", "这里是token值");')
        self.sleep(3)
        self.refresh_page()
        self.sleep(3)

问题17：ImportError: attempted relative import with no known parent package？

根因：排查下是不是误删了上下目录的 init.py 的文件

问题18：如何验证html文件？

import pytest
from seleniumbase import BaseCase


@pytest.mark.offline  # Can be run with: "pytest -m offline"
class OfflineTests(BaseCase):
    def test_load_html_string(self):
        html = "<h2>Hello</h2><p><input />&nbsp;&nbsp;<button>OK!</button></p>"
        self.load_html_string(html)  # Open "data:text/html," then replace html
        self.assert_text("Hello", "h2")
        self.assert_text("OK!", "button")
        self.type("input", "Goodbye")
        self.click("button")
        new_html = '<h3>Checkbox</h3><p><input type="checkbox" />Check Me!</p>'
        self.set_content(new_html)  # Same as load_html_string(), but keeps URL
        self.assert_text("Checkbox", "h3")
        self.assert_text("Check Me!", "p")
        self.assert_false(self.is_selected("input"))
        self.click("input")
        self.assert_true(self.is_selected("input"))

import os
import pytest
from seleniumbase import BaseCase


@pytest.mark.offline  # Can be run with: "pytest -m offline"
class OfflineTests(BaseCase):
    def test_demo_page(self):
        # Load a local html file into the web browser
        dir_path = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
        file_path = dir_path + "/demo_page.html"
        self.load_html_file(file_path)

        # Assert the title of the current web page
        self.assert_title("Web Testing Page")

        # Assert that the element is visible on the page
        self.assert_element("tbody#tbodyId")

        # Assert that the text appears within a given element
        self.assert_text("Demo Page", "h1")

        # Type/update text in text fields on the page
        self.type("#myTextInput", "This is Automated")
        self.type("textarea.area1", "Testing Time!\n")
        self.type('[name="preText2"]', "Typing Text!")

        # Verify that a hover dropdown link changes page text
        self.assert_text("Automation Practice", "h3")
        self.hover_and_click("#myDropdown", "#dropOption2")
        self.assert_text("Link Two Selected", "h3")

        # Verify that a button click changes text on the page
        self.assert_text("This Text is Green", "#pText")
        self.click("#myButton")
        self.assert_text("This Text is Purple", "#pText")

        # Assert that the given SVG is visible on the page
        self.assert_element('svg[name="svgName"]')

        # Verify that a slider control updates a progress bar
        self.assert_element('progress[value="50"]')
        self.press_right_arrow("#myslider", times=5)
        self.assert_element('progress[value="100"]')

        # Verify that a "select" option updates a meter bar
        self.assert_element('meter[value="0.25"]')
        self.select_option_by_text("#mySelect", "Set to 75%")
        self.assert_element('meter[value="0.75"]')

        # Assert an element located inside an iFrame
        self.assert_false(self.is_element_visible("img"))
        self.switch_to_frame("#myFrame1")
        self.assert_true(self.is_element_visible("img"))
        self.switch_to_default_content()

        # Assert text located inside an iFrame
        self.assert_false(self.is_text_visible("iFrame Text"))
        self.switch_to_frame("#myFrame2")
        self.assert_true(self.is_text_visible("iFrame Text"))
        self.switch_to_default_content()

        # Verify that clicking a radio button selects it
        self.assert_false(self.is_selected("#radioButton2"))
        self.click("#radioButton2")
        self.assert_true(self.is_selected("#radioButton2"))

        # Verify that clicking a checkbox makes it selected
        self.assert_false(self.is_selected("#checkBox1"))
        self.click("#checkBox1")
        self.assert_true(self.is_selected("#checkBox1"))

        # Verify clicking on multiple elements with one call
        self.assert_false(self.is_selected("#checkBox2"))
        self.assert_false(self.is_selected("#checkBox3"))
        self.assert_false(self.is_selected("#checkBox4"))
        self.click_visible_elements("input.checkBoxClassB")
        self.assert_true(self.is_selected("#checkBox2"))
        self.assert_true(self.is_selected("#checkBox3"))
        self.assert_true(self.is_selected("#checkBox4"))

        # Verify that clicking an iFrame checkbox selects it
        self.assert_false(self.is_element_visible(".fBox"))
        self.switch_to_frame("#myFrame3")
        self.assert_true(self.is_element_visible(".fBox"))
        self.assert_false(self.is_selected(".fBox"))
        self.click(".fBox")
        self.assert_true(self.is_selected(".fBox"))
        self.switch_to_default_content()

        # Assert link text - Use click_link() to click
        self.assert_link_text("seleniumbase.com")
        self.assert_link_text("SeleniumBase on GitHub")
        self.assert_link_text("seleniumbase.io")
        self.assert_link_text("SeleniumBase Demo Page")

        # Assert exact text
        self.assert_exact_text("Demo Page", "h1")

        # Highlight a page element (also assert visibility)
        self.highlight("h2")

问题19：参数化运行指定用例，报错：找不到文件

解决办法：运行py文件，参数化是ok的：pytest demo_parameterized001.py

pytest demo_parameterized001.py::ExpertManage::test_parameterized_001 报错：

运行指定用例报错：ERROR: not found:demo_parameterized001.py::ExpertManage::test_paramet
erized_001
(no name demo_parameterized001.py::ExpertManage::test_parameterized_001’ in any of [<Moduledemo_parameterized001.py>])

问题19：如何用脚本创建培训PPT？

示例1：presenter/core_presentation.py

from seleniumbase import BaseCase


class PresentationWithChart(BaseCase):
    def test_seleniumbase_chart(self):
        self.create_presentation(theme="league", transition="slide")
        self.create_pie_chart(title="The 4 core areas of SeleniumBase:")
        self.add_data_point("Basic API (test methods)", 1)
        self.add_data_point("Command-line options (pytest options)", 1)
        self.add_data_point("The Console Scripts interface", 1)
        self.add_data_point("Advanced API (Tours, Charts, & Presentations)", 1)
        self.add_slide("<p>SeleniumBase core areas</p>" + self.extract_chart())
        self.add_slide(
            "<p>Basic API (test methods). Example test:</p>",
            code=(
                "from seleniumbase import BaseCase\n\n"
                "class MyTestClass(BaseCase):\n\n"
                "    def test_basics(self):\n"
                '        self.open("https://store.xkcd.com/search")\n'
                '        self.type(\'input[name="q"]\', "xkcd book\\n")\n'
                '        self.assert_text("xkcd book", "div.results")\n'
                '        self.open("https://xkcd.com/353/")\n'
                "        self.click('a[rel=\"license\"]')\n"
                "        self.go_back()\n"
                '        self.click_link("About")\n'
                '        self.click_link("comic #249")\n'
                "        self.assert_element('img[alt*=\"Chess\"]')\n"
            ),
        )
        self.add_slide(
            "<p>Command-line options. Examples:</p>",
            code=(
                "$ pytest my_first_test.py\n"
                "$ pytest test_swag_labs.py --mobile\n"
                "$ pytest edge_test.py --browser=edge\n"
                "$ pytest basic_test.py --headless\n"
                "$ pytest my_first_test.py --demo --guest\n"
                "$ pytest basic_test.py --slow\n"
                "$ pytest -v -m marker2 --headless --save-screenshot\n"
                "$ pytest parameterized_test.py --reuse-session\n"
                "$ pytest test_suite.py --html=report.html --rs\n"
                "$ pytest test_suite.py --dashboard --html=report.html\n"
                "$ pytest github_test.py --demo --disable-csp\n"
                "$ pytest test_suite.py -n=2 --rs --crumbs\n"
                "$ pytest basic_test.py --incognito\n"
            ),
        )
        self.add_slide(
            "<p>The Console Scripts interface. Examples:</p>",
            code=(
                "$ sbase install chromedriver\n"
                "$ sbase install chromedriver latest\n"
                "$ sbase mkdir new_test_folder\n"
                "$ sbase mkfile new_test.py\n"
                "$ sbase print basic_test.py -n\n"
                "$ sbase translate basic_test.py -p --chinese -n\n"
                "$ sbase translate basic_test.py -p --japanese\n"
                "$ sbase translate basic_test.py -c --russian\n"
                "$ sbase download server\n"
                "$ sbase grid-hub start\n"
                '$ sbase grid-node start --hub="127.0.0.1"\n'
                "$ sbase grid-node stop\n"
                "$ sbase grid-hub stop\n"
                "$ sbase options\n"
            ),
        )
        self.add_slide(
            '<p>Advanced API. "Presenter" example:</p>',
            code=(
                "from seleniumbase import BaseCase\n\n"
                "class MyPresenterClass(BaseCase):\n\n"
                "    def test_presenter(self):\n"
                '        self.create_presentation(theme="serif")\n'
                '        self.add_slide("Welcome to Presenter!")\n'
                "        self.add_slide(\n"
                '            "Add code to slides:",\n'
                "            code=(\n"
                '                "from seleniumbase import BaseCase\\n\\n"\n'
                '                "class MyPresenterClass(BaseCase):\\n\\n"\n'
                '                "    def test_presenter(self):\\n"\n'
                '                "        self.create_presentation()\\n"))\n'
                "        self.begin_presentation(\n"
                '            filename="demo.html", show_notes=True)'
            ),
        )
        self.add_slide(
            "<p><b>The End</b></p>",
            image="https://seleniumbase.io/cdn/img/sb_logo_g.png",
        )
        self.begin_presentation(filename="core_presentation.html")

示例2：presenter/my_presentation.py

from seleniumbase import BaseCase


class MyPresenterClass(BaseCase):
    def test_presenter(self):
        self.create_presentation(theme="serif", transition="none")
        self.add_slide(
            "<h1>Welcome</h1><br />\n" "<h3>Press the <b>Right Arrow</b></h3>"
        )
        self.add_slide(
            "<h3>SeleniumBase Presenter</h3><br />\n"
            '<img width="240" src="https://seleniumbase.io/img/logo3a.png" />'
            '<span style="margin:144px;" />'
            '<img src="https://seleniumbase.io/other/python_3d_logo.png" />'
            "<br /><br />\n<h4>Create presentations with <b>Python</b></h4>"
        )
        self.add_slide(
            "<h3>Make slides using <b>HTML</b>:</h3><br />\n"
            '<table style="padding:10px;border:4px solid black;font-size:50;">'
            '\n<tr style="">\n'
            "<th>Row ABC</th><th>Row XYZ</th></tr>\n"
            '<tr style="">'
            "<td>Value ONE</td><td>Value TWO</td></tr>\n"
            '<tr style="">\n'
            "<td>Value THREE</td><td>Value FOUR</td></tr>\n"
            "</table><br />\n<h4>(HTML <b>table</b> example)</h4>"
        )
        self.add_slide(
            "<h3>Keyboard Shortcuts:</h3>\n"
            '<table style="padding:10px;border:4px solid black;font-size:30;'
            '">\n'
            "<tr><th>Key</th><th>Action</th></tr>\n"
            "<tr><td><b>=></b></td><td>Next Slide (N also works)</td></tr>\n"
            "<tr><td><b><=</b></td><td>Previous Slide (P also works)</td></tr>"
            "\n<tr><td>F</td><td>Full Screen Mode</td></tr>\n"
            "<tr><td>O</td><td>Overview Mode Toggle</td></tr>\n"
            "<tr><td>esc</td><td>Exit Full Screen / Overview Mode</td></tr>\n"
            "<tr><td><b>.</b></td><td>Pause/Resume Toggle</td></tr>\n"
            "<tr><td>space</td><td>Next Slide (alternative)</td></tr></table>"
        )
        self.add_slide(
            "<h3>Add <b>images</b> to slides:</h3>",
            image="https://seleniumbase.io/other/seagulls.jpg",
        )
        self.add_slide(
            "<h3>Add <b>code</b> to slides:</h3>",
            code=(
                "from seleniumbase import BaseCase\n\n"
                "class MyTestClass(BaseCase):\n\n"
                "    def test_basics(self):\n"
                '        self.open("https://store.xkcd.com/search")\n'
                '        self.type(\'input[name="q"]\', "xkcd book\\n")\n'
                '        self.assert_text("xkcd: volume 0", "h3")\n'
                '        self.open("https://xkcd.com/353/")\n'
                '        self.assert_title("xkcd: Python")\n'
                "        self.assert_element('img[alt=\"Python\"]')\n"
                "        self.click('a[rel=\"license\"]')\n"
                '        self.assert_text("free to copy and reuse")\n'
                "        self.go_back()\n"
                '        self.click_link("About")\n'
                '        self.assert_exact_text("xkcd.com", "h2")'
            ),
        )
        self.add_slide(
            "<h3>Highlight <b>code</b> in slides:</h3>",
            code=(
                "from seleniumbase import BaseCase\n\n"
                "<mark>class MyTestClass(BaseCase):</mark>\n\n"
                "    def test_basics(self):\n"
                '        self.open("https://store.xkcd.com/search")\n'
                '        self.type(\'input[name="q"]\', "xkcd book\\n")\n'
                '        self.assert_text("xkcd: volume 0", "h3")'
            ),
        )
        self.add_slide(
            "<h3>Add <b>iFrames</b> to slides:</h3>",
            iframe="https://seleniumbase.io/demo_page",
        )
        self.add_slide(
            "<h3>Getting started is <b>easy</b>:</h3>",
            code=(
                "from seleniumbase import BaseCase\n\n"
                "class MyPresenterClass(BaseCase):\n\n"
                "    def test_presenter(self):\n"
                '        self.create_presentation(theme="serif")\n'
                '        self.add_slide("Welcome to Presenter!")\n'
                "        self.add_slide(\n"
                '            "Add code to slides:",\n'
                "            code=(\n"
                '                "from seleniumbase import BaseCase\\n\\n"\n'
                '                "class MyPresenterClass(BaseCase):\\n\\n"\n'
                '                "    def test_presenter(self):\\n"\n'
                '                "        self.create_presentation()\\n"))\n'
                "        self.begin_presentation(\n"
                '            filename="demo.html", show_notes=True)'
            ),
        )
        self.add_slide(
            "<h3>Include <b>notes</b> with slides:</h3><br />",
            code=(
                'self.add_slide("[Your HTML goes here]",\n'
                '               code="[Your software code goes here]",\n'
                '               content2="[Additional HTML goes here]",\n'
                '               notes="[Attached speaker notes go here]"\n'
                '                     "[Note A! -- Note B! -- Note C! ]")'
            ),
            notes="<h2><ul><li>Note A!<li>Note B!<li>Note C!<li>Note D!</h2>",
            content2="<h4>(Notes can include HTML tags)</h4>",
        )
        self.add_slide(
            "<h3>Multiple <b>themes</b> available:</h3>",
            code=(
                'self.create_presentation(theme="serif")\n\n'
                'self.create_presentation(theme="sky")\n\n'
                'self.create_presentation(theme="simple")\n\n'
                'self.create_presentation(theme="white")\n\n'
                'self.create_presentation(theme="moon")\n\n'
                'self.create_presentation(theme="black")\n\n'
                'self.create_presentation(theme="night")\n\n'
                'self.create_presentation(theme="beige")\n\n'
                'self.create_presentation(theme="league")'
            ),
        )
        self.add_slide(
            "<h2><b>The End</b></h2>",
            image="https://seleniumbase.io/img/sb_logo_10.png",
        )
        self.begin_presentation(
            filename="presenter.html", show_notes=True, interval=0
        )

示例2：prexenter/py_virtual_envs.py

from seleniumbase import BaseCase


class PythonVirtualEnvs(BaseCase):
    def test_py_virtual_envs(self):
        self.create_presentation(theme="serif", transition="slide")
        self.add_slide(
            "<h2>Python Virtual Environments:</h2><br />\n"
            "<h2>What, Why, and How</h2><hr /><br />\n"
            "<h3>Presented by <b>Michael Mintz</b></h3>\n"
            "<p>Granite State Code Camp - Sat, Nov 14, 2020</p>"
        )
        self.add_slide(
            "<p><b>About me:</b></p>\n"
            "<ul>"
            "<li>I created the <b>SeleniumBase</b> framework.</li>"
            "<li>I'm currently the DevOps Lead at <b>iboss</b>.</li>"
            "</ul>\n",
            image="https://seleniumbase.io/other/iboss_booth.png",
        )
        self.add_slide(
            "<p><b>Topics & tools covered by this presentation:</b></p>"
            "<hr /><br />\n"
            "<ul>"
            "<li>Overview of Virtual Environments</li>"
            "<li>Python package management</li>"
            '<li>Python 3 "venv"</li>'
            "<li>virtualenv / virtualenvwrapper</li>"
            '<li>pip / "pip install"</li>'
            "<li>requirements.txt files</li>"
            "<li>setup.py files</li>"
            "</ul>"
        )
        self.add_slide(
            "<p><b>Topics & tools that are NOT covered here:</b></p><hr />\n"
            "<br /><div><ul>"
            '<li>"conda"</li>'
            '<li>"pipenv"</li>'
            '<li>"poetry"</li>'
            '<li>"pipx"</li>'
            "</ul></div><br />"
            "<p>(Other Python package management tools)</p>"
        )
        self.add_slide(
            "<p><b>What is a Python virtual environment?</b></p><hr /><br />\n"
            "<p>A Python virtual environment is a partitioned directory"
            " where a Python interpreter, libraries/packages, and scripts"
            " can be installed and isolated from those installed in other"
            " virtual environments or the global environment.</p>"
        )
        self.add_slide(
            "<p><b>Why should we use Python virtual environments?</b>"
            "</p><hr /><br />\n"
            "<p>We should use Python virtual environments because different"
            " Python projects can have conflicting Python dependencies that"
            " cannot coexist in the same env.</p>"
        )
        self.add_slide(
            "<p><b>Why? - continued</b></p><hr /><br />\n"
            "<p>Example: Project A and Project B both depend on"
            " different versions of the same Python library!</p>"
            "<p>Therefore, installing the second project requirements"
            " would overwrite the first one, causing it to break.</p>",
            code=(
                "# Project A requirement:\n"
                "urllib3==1.25.3\n\n"
                "# Project B requirement:\n"
                "urllib3==1.26.2"
            ),
        )
        self.add_slide(
            "<p><b>Why? - continued</b></p><hr /><br />\n"
            "<p>It is also possible that Project A and Project B"
            " require different versions of Python installed!</p>",
            code=(
                "# Project A requirement:\n"
                "Python-3.8\n\n"
                "# Project B requirement:\n"
                "Python-2.7"
            ),
        )
        self.add_slide(
            "<p><b>How do we create and use Python virtual envs?</b>"
            "</p><hr /><br />\n"
            "<div><b>There are tools/scripts we can use:</b></div><br />"
            "<ul>"
            '<li>The Python 3 "venv" command</li>'
            "<li>virtualenv / virtualenvwrapper</li>"
            "</ul>"
        )
        self.add_slide(
            '<p><b>Python 3 "venv"</b></p><hr /><br />\n'
            '"venv" creates virtual environments in the location where run'
            " (generally with Python projects).",
            code=(
                "# Mac / Linux\n"
                "python3 -m venv ENV_NAME\n"
                "source ENV_NAME/bin/activate\n\n"
                "# Windows\n"
                "py -m venv ENV_NAME\n"
                "call ENV_NAME\\Scripts\\activate\n\n"
                '# (Type "deactivate" to leave a virtual environment.)'
            ),
        )
        self.add_slide(
            '<p><b>"mkvirtualenv" (from virtualenvwrapper)</b></p><hr />\n'
            '<br />"mkvirtualenv" creates virtual environments in one place'
            " (generally in your home directory).",
            code=(
                "# Mac / Linux\n"
                "python3 -m pip install virtualenvwrapper\n"
                "export WORKON_HOME=$HOME/.virtualenvs\n"
                "source `which virtualenvwrapper.sh`\n"
                "mkvirtualenv ENV_NAME\n\n"
                "# Windows\n"
                "py -m pip install virtualenvwrapper-win\n"
                "mkvirtualenv ENV_NAME\n\n"
                '# (Type "deactivate" to leave a virtual environment.)'
            ),
        )
        self.add_slide(
            "<p><b>List of commands from virtualenvwrapper</b></p>"
            "<hr /><br />",
            code=(
                "# Create a virtual environment:\n"
                "mkvirtualenv ENV_NAME\n\n"
                "# Exit your virtual environment:\n"
                "deactivate\n\n"
                "# Re-enter a virtual environment:\n"
                "workon ENV_NAME\n\n"
                "# List all virtual environments:\n"
                "workon\n\n"
                "# Delete a virtual environment:\n"
                "rmvirtualenv ENV_NAME"
            ),
        )
        self.add_slide(
            "<p><b>Determining if you are in a virtual env</b></p>"
            "<hr /><br />"
            "<p>When activated, the name of your virtual env"
            " will appear in parentheses on the left side of your"
            " command prompt.</p>",
            code=(
                "# Example of how it may look on a Windows machine:\n"
                "C:\\Users\\Michael\\github> mkvirtualenv my_env\n"
                "(my_env)  C:\\Users\\Michael\\github>"
            ),
        )
        self.add_slide(
            '<p><b>Installing packages with "pip install"</b></p><hr /><br />'
            "<p>Once you have created a Python virtual environment and are"
            " inside, it is now safe to install packages from PyPI,"
            " setup.py files, and/or requirements.txt files.</p>\n",
            code=(
                "# Install a package from PyPI:\n"
                "pip install seleniumbase\n\n"
                "# Install packages from a folder with setup.py:\n"
                "pip install .  # Normal installation\n"
                "pip install -e .  # Editable install\n\n"
                "# Install packages from a requirements.txt file:\n"
                "pip install -r requirements.txt\n"
            ),
        )
        self.add_slide(
            '<p><b>Other useful "pip" commands</b></p><hr /><br />',
            code=(
                "# See which Python packages are installed:\n"
                "pip list\n\n"
                "# See which installed Python packages are outdated:\n"
                "pip list --outdated\n\n"
                "# Create a requirements file from installed packages:\n"
                "pip freeze > my_requirements.txt"
            ),
        )
        self.add_slide(
            "<br /><br /><h2><b>Live Demo Time!</b></h2><hr /><br />",
            image="https://seleniumbase.io/other/python_3d_logo.png",
        )
        self.add_slide(
            "<h2><b>The End. Questions?</b></h2><hr /><br />\n"
            "<h3>Where to find me:</h3>"
            "<ul>"
            '<li><a href="https://github.com/mdmintz">'
            "github.com/mdmintz</a></li>"
            '<li><a href="https://github.com/seleniumbase/SeleniumBase">'
            "github.com/seleniumbase/SeleniumBase</a></li>"
            '<li><a href="https://seleniumbase.io/">'
            "seleniumbase.io</a></li>"
            "</ul>"
        )
        self.begin_presentation(
            filename="py_virtual_envs.html", show_notes=False, interval=0
        )