C语言学习（四）选择结构程序设计

逻辑量、if语句和嵌套结构

4.1 逻辑量

knowledge：逻辑量、关系表达式、逻辑表达式

formula

*待补充*explainment

code

待补充

4.2 if语句

knowledge：选择结构if-else，

①双分支：if-else

• 例1：判断三条边长是否能构成三角形，如果可以，计算S三角形，否则输出错误信息。
• 解：逻辑表达式&&，判断语句：“a+b>c&&a+c>b&&b+c>a”
  计算面积公式：海伦公式
  
  LaTex S=\sqrt{l(l-a)(l-b)(l-c)}

LaTex l=\frac{a+b+c}{2}

code

//VS上运行成功
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 1
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
int main()
{
	float a, b, c;
	double S, l;
	printf("请输入三个边长：\n");
	scanf("%f%f%f", &a, &b, &c);
	if (a + b > c && a + c > b && b + c > a)
	{
		l = (a + b + c) / 2;
		S = sqrt(l * (l - a) * (l - b) * (l - c));
		printf("S=%.2f\n", S);
	}
	else
		printf("DATA ERROR!");
}

• 例2：输入两个整数，求最大值。

code

//1
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 1
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
	int a, b, Max;
	printf("Input a,b:\n");
	scanf("%d%d", &a, &b);
	Max = a;
		if (Max < b)
			Max = b;
		else if (Max > b)
			return Max;
	    else if (Max=b)
			printf("DATA ERROR!");
	printf("The Max is %d\n", Max);
}
//2
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 1
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
	int a, b, Max;
	printf("Input a,b:\n");
	scanf("%d，%d", &a, &b);
	Max = a;
		if (Max < b)
			Max = b;
	printf("The Max is %d\n", Max);
}

②多分支：if语句的嵌套

例：求分段函数的值。

方法一：

code

//VS上运行成功
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 1
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
int main()
{
	float x, y;
	printf("Plz input x\n");
	scanf("%f",&x);
	if (x > 6)//x:6.28 y:79左右
	{
		y = 2*x*x + 3 * sin(x);
	}
	else if (x > 0)
	{
		y = sqrt(x + 2);//x:2 y:2
	}
	else if (x >= -3)
	{
		y = 3 * x * x * x;//x:0 y:0
	}
	else
		y = cos(x)+ 5;//x:-3.14 y:4
	printf("y=%.3f", y);
}

方法二：

code

//VS上运行成功
//方法二少了几行。
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 1
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
int main()
{
	float x, y;
	printf("Plz input x\n");
	scanf("%f", &x);
	if (x > 0)
	{
		if (x>6)
			y = 2*x*x + 3 * sin(x);//x:6.28 y:79左右
		else
			y = sqrt(x + 2);//x:2 y:2
	}
	else 
	{
		if (x<-3)
			y = cos(x) + 5;//x:-3.14 y:4
		else
			y = 3 * x * x * x;//x:0 y:0
	}	
	printf("y=%.3f", y);
}

4.3 switch语句

knowledge:构造表达式实现switch语句

① 多分支选择结构常用switch语句

• 关键字：switch,case,default
• 形式：
  switch(表达式)
  {
  case 常量1：语句组1
  case 常量2：语句组2
  ···
  case 常量n：语句组n
  [default：语句组n+1]
  }

②构造实例

百分制成绩与等级挂钩，90~ 100，80~ 90，70~ 80，60~ 70, 0~60的分数区间别对应A,B,C,D,E档。现编程，输入分数，输出对应档。

• int(score/10)

code

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 1
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
	float score;
	printf("Plz input your score, lol:\n");
	scanf("%f", &score);
	switch (int(score / 10))
	{
	case 10:
	case 9: printf("the score %.2f garde is A\n", score); break;
	case 8: printf("the score %.2f garde is B\n", score); break;
	case 7: printf("the score %.2f garde is C\n", score); break;
	case 6: printf("the score %.2f garde is D\n", score); break;
	case 5:
	case 4:
	case 3:
	case 2:
	case 1:
	case 0: printf("the score %.2f garde is E\n", score); break;
	default: printf("the score %.2f is Error!\n", score);
	}
}

输入101~ 110也会显示A，需要修补。

• int(score/10)
• if(score>=100||score<0)

code

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 1
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
	float score;
	printf("Plz input your score, lol:\n");
	scanf("%f", &score);
	if (score >= 100 || score < 0)
	{
		printf("the score % .2f is Error!\n", score);
	}
	else
	{
		switch (int(score / 10))
		{
			case 10:
			case 9: printf("the score %.2f garde is A\n", score); break;
			case 8: printf("the score %.2f garde is B\n", score); break;
			case 7: printf("the score %.2f garde is C\n", score); break;
			case 6: printf("the score %.2f garde is D\n", score); break;
			case 5:
			case 4:
			case 3:
			case 2:
			case 1:
			case 0: printf("the score %.2f garde is E\n", score); break;
		}
	}
}

• 添加char语句char grade;精简程序

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 1
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
	float score;
	char grade;
	printf("Plz input your score, lol:\n");
	scanf("%f", &score);
	if (score >= 100 || score < 0)
	{
		printf("the score % .2f is Error!\n", score);
	}
	else
	{
		switch (int(score / 10))
		{
			case 10:
			case 9: grade='A'; break;
			case 8: grade='B'; break;
			case 7: grade = 'C'; break;
			case 6: grade = 'D'; break;
			default: grade = 'E'; break; 
		}
		printf("the score %.2f garde is %c\n", score,grade); //这一句还不懂，应该和char有关，明天再读
	}
}