Pandas操作总结

3.1Pandas

3.1.1 Series

class pandas.Series(data = None, index = None, dtype = None, name = None, copy = False, fastpath = False)

• data 表示传入的数据
• index 表示索引
• dtype 数据类型，默认会自己判断
• name 设置名称
• copy 拷贝数据，默认为 False

//通过传入列表创建series对象
import pandas as pd
a = ["Google", "Runoob", "Wiki"]
myvar = pd.Series(a, index = ["x", "y", "z"])
print(myvar)

//通过字典(键值对)创建Series
import pandas as pd
sites = {
   1: "Google", 2: "Runoob", 3: "Wiki"}
myvar = pd.Series(sites)
print(myvar)

注：以下均为jupyter中代码实例

In [1]:

import pandas as pd                       # 导入pandas库
ser_obj = pd.Series([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])      # 创建Series类对象
ser_obj

Out[1]:

0    1
1    2
2    3
3    4
4    5
dtype: int64

In [2]:

# 创建Series类对象，并指定索引
ser_obj = pd.Series([1, 2, 3, 4, 5], index=['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e'])
ser_obj

Out[2]:

a    1
b    2
c    3
d    4
e    5
dtype: int64

In [3]:

year_data = {
   2001: 17.8, 2002: 20.1, 2003: 16.5}
ser_obj2 = pd.Series(year_data)   # 创建Series类对象
ser_obj2

Out[3]:

2001    17.8
2002    20.1
2003    16.5
dtype: float64

In [4]:

ser_obj.index         # 获取ser_obj的索引

Out[4]:

Index(['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e'], dtype='object')

In [5]:

ser_obj.values       # 获取ser_obj的数据

Out[5]:

array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5], dtype=int64)

In [5]:

ser_obj[3]            # 获取位置索引3对应的数据

Out[5]:

4

In [6]:

ser_obj * 2

Out[6]:

a     2
b     4
c     6
d     8
e    10
dtype: int64

3.1.2 DataFrame

pandas.DataFrame(data, index, columns, dtype, copy)

• data：一组数据(ndarray,series, map, lists, dict 等类型)
• index：索引值，或者可以称为行标签
• columns：列标签，默认为 RangeIndex (0, 1, 2, …, n)
• dtype：数据类型
• copy：拷贝数据，默认为 False

In [7]:

import numpy as np
import pandas as pd

demo_arr = np.array([['a', 'b', 'c'], ['d', 'e', 'f']]) 
# 创建数组
df_obj = pd.DataFrame(demo_arr)    # 基于数组创建DataFrame对象
df_obj

Out[7]:

	0	1	2
0	a	b	c
1	d	e	f

In [8]:

# 创建DataFrame对象，指定列索引
df_obj1 = pd.DataFrame(demo_arr, columns=['No1', 'No2', 'No3'])
df_obj1

Out[8]:

	No1	No2	No3
0	a	b	c
1	d	e	f

In [10]:

element = df_obj1['No2']  # 通过列索引的方式获取一列数据
element

Out[10]:

0    b
1    e
Name: No2, dtype: object

In [11]:

type(element)                # 查看返回结果的类型

Out[11]:

pandas.core.series.Series

In [11]:

element = df_obj1.No2  # 通过属性获取列数据
element

Out[11]:

0    b
1    e
Name: No2, dtype: object

In [12]:

type(element)           # 查看返回结果的类型

Out[12]:

pandas.core.series.Series

In [13]:

df_obj1['No4'] = ['g', 'h']
df_obj1

Out[13]:

	No1	No2	No3	No4
0	a	b	c	g
1	d	e	f	h

In [14]:

del df_obj1['No4']
df_obj1

Out[14]:

	No1	No2	No3
0	a	b	c
1	d	e	f

3.2 索引操作及高级索引

3.2.1 索引对象

In [15]:

import pandas as pd
ser_obj = pd.Series(range(5), index=['a','b','c','d','e'])
ser_index = ser_obj.index
ser_index

Out[15]:

Index(['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e'], dtype='object')

In [16]:

ser_obj

Out[16]:

a    0
b    1
c    2
d    3
e    4
dtype: int64

In [17]:

ser_index['2'] = 'cc'  # (执行时，将注释打开，便可以看到错误信息)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TypeError                                 Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-17-3d779dc501cd> in <module>
----> 1 ser_index['2'] = 'cc'  # (执行时，将注释打开，便可以看到错误信息)

c:\users\dell\anaconda3\envs\pyg\lib\site-packages\pandas\core\indexes\base.py in __setitem__(self, key, value)
   4082 
   4083     def __setitem__(self, key, value):
-> 4084         raise TypeError("Index does not support mutable operations")
   4085 
   4086     def __getitem__(self, key):

TypeError: Index does not support mutable operations

In [22]:

ser_obj1 = pd.Series(range(3), index=['a','b','c'])
ser_obj2 = pd.Series(['a','b','c'], index=ser_obj1.index)
ser_obj2.index is ser_obj1.index

Out[22]:

True

In [19]:

ser_obj1

Out[19]:

a    0
b    1
c    2
dtype: int64

In [20]:

ser_obj2

Out[20]:

a    a
b    b
c    c
dtype: object

3.2.2 重置索引

In [23]:

import pandas as pd


ser_obj = pd.Series([1, 2, 3, 4, 5], index=['c', 'd', 'a', 'b', 'e'])
ser_obj

Out[23]:

c    1
d    2
a    3
b    4
e    5
dtype: int64

In [24]:

# 重新索引
ser_obj2 = ser_obj.reindex(['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f']) 
ser_obj2

Out[24]:

a    3.0
b    4.0
c    1.0
d    2.0
e    5.0
f    NaN
dtype: float64

In [21]:

# 重新索引时指定填充的缺失值
ser_obj2 = ser_obj.reindex(['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f'], fill_value = 6)
ser_obj2

Out[21]:

a    3
b    4
c    1
d    2
e    5
f    6
dtype: int64

In [25]:

# 创建Series对象，并为其指定索引
ser_obj3 = pd.Series([1, 3, 5, 7], index=[0, 2, 4, 6])
ser_obj3

Out[25]:

0    1
2    3
4    5
6    7
dtype: int64

In [27]:

ser_obj3.reindex(range(6)