Spring注解开发

注解:给程序看的代码,程序看到后会执行不同的操作

在使用Spring注解开发之前,你需要理解Spring IoC并且会简单使用它:Spring ioC的简单理解与使用_weixin_45506581的博客-CSDN博客

前提条件:一个 web-maven项目

需要加入的依赖 pom.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>org.example</groupId>
  <artifactId>Spring_Test</artifactId>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>war</packaging>

  <name>Spring_Test Maven Webapp</name>
  <url>http://www.example.com</url>

  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <maven.compiler.source>1.7</maven.compiler.source>
    <maven.compiler.target>1.7</maven.compiler.target>
  </properties>

  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>4.13.2</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>


    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
      <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
      <version>2.5</version>
      <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
      <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
      <version>3.1.0</version>
      <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
      <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
      <version>1.2</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>mysql</groupId>
      <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
      <version>5.1.49</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
      <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
      <version>3.2.8</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>cglib</groupId>
      <artifactId>cglib</artifactId>
      <version>3.3.0</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.mybatis.generator</groupId>
      <artifactId>mybatis-generator-core</artifactId>
      <version>1.3.6</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
      <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
      <version>1.2.2</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
      <version>5.1.9.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
      <version>5.1.9.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
      <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
      <version>1.18.12</version>
      <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
      <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
      <version>1.0.14</version>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>

  <build>
    <finalName>Spring_Test</finalName>
    <pluginManagement>
      <plugins>
        <plugin>
          <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
          <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.1</version>
          <configuration>
            <source>1.8</source>
            <target>1.8</target>
          </configuration>
        </plugin>

        <plugin>
          <groupId>org.mybatis.generator</groupId>
          <artifactId>mybatis-generator-maven-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>1.3.6</version>
        </plugin>
      </plugins>
    </pluginManagement>
  </build>
</project>

注解分类

        创建对象注解:@Component(通用注解),@Controller(用于视图层),@Service(用于事务处理层),@Repository(用于数据库交互层) //一般写于类上方

        属性注入注解:@Autowired(自动注入),@Qualifier(按名称 id 注入),@Resource(相当于自动注入与名称注入的结合体),@Value(为Spring对象的属性注入基本类型数据与String类型数据)  //一般写于属性上方

其他注解:@Scope(用于配置修饰的类为单例还是多例,默认为单例),@Lazy(懒加载,用于修饰类,被修饰的类只有用到时才会被加载)

怎么使用?

在需要被Spring管理的类上写上注解,如

@Component //相当于在 application.xml 中配置一个 <bean id=“user” class=“com.xxx.xxx.user”>
public void user{

目录结构:

关键代码如下:

 application.xml 代码:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       default-lazy-init="true"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

<!--        包扫描的位置,被扫描到的有注解的对象会被加入到Spring容器中,由Spring负责 实例化-->
        <context:component-scan base-package="com.wanshi"/>
</beans>

 实体类 

   user:       

package com.wanshi.pojo;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class user {

    private String id;
    private String username;
    private String userpassword;
    private String realname;

    @Autowired
    private role role;

    static{
        System.out.println("user对象创建了");
    }

    public String getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(String id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }

    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }

    public String getUserpassword() {
        return userpassword;
    }

    public void setUserpassword(String userpassword) {
        this.userpassword = userpassword;
    }

    public String getRealname() {
        return realname;
    }

    public void setRealname(String realname) {
        this.realname = realname;
    }
}

   role:

package com.wanshi.pojo;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class role {

    private int id;
    private String role_name;

    static {
        System.out.println("role对象创建了");
    }

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getRole_name() {
        return role_name;
    }

    public void setRole_name(String role_name) {
        this.role_name = role_name;
    }
}

   userService:

package com.wanshi.service;

import com.wanshi.pojo.user;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service
public class userService {

    static{
        System.out.println("userService对象创建了");
    }

    @Autowired
    private user user;


}

   Test(单元测试类):

package com.wanshi.test;

import com.wanshi.service.userService;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import java.io.IOException;

public class Test {


    @org.junit.Test
    public void Test() throws IOException {
//        初始化工厂对象,用于获取Spring容器中的bean对象
        ApplicationContext applicationContext=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("application.xml");
//        打印从Spring容器中拿到的userService对象
        userService userservice= (userService) applicationContext.getBean("userService");
    }

}

 运行结果:

 运行方式:

       1.创建ApplicationContext对象时会加载application.xml配置文件,开启包扫描,将有注解的类交由Spring管理

        2.获取userService的bean对象时,因它当中有@Autowired的user类,所以会自动注入到user属性中,当user类被Spring实例化时,因它当中又有@Autowired的role类,所以也会注入role的bean对象到user的role属性

        3.只获取一个userService对象,就一次性获得了它所依赖的其他对象属性,而不用再一个一个new了

大家是不是感觉很方便呢?

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