分析文本 | 异常处理

#10-6加法运算
num1=input("Please enter a number: ")
num2=input("Please enter another number: ")
#try：可能引发异常的代码
try:
    sum=int(num1)+int(num2) 
#except：引发指定异常如何处理
except ValueError:
    print("You should enter numbers not string.")
#else：try代码块成功运行时，运行的代码
else:
    print(sum)   

#10-7加法运算器
'''对两个数求和，输入即使不是数字为文本，也可继续运行'''
print("Give me two numbers, and I'll add them.")
print("Enter 'q' to quit")

while True:
    num1=input("Please enter a number: ")
    num2=input("Please enter another number: ")
    if num1=='q' or num2=='q':
        break
    #else:   
        try:
            sum=int(num1)+int(num2)    
        except ValueError:
            pass
        else:
            print(sum)

#10-8猫与狗
'''读取cats.txt与dogs.txt文件内存储的名称'''
names=['cats.txt','dogs.txt']
for name in names:
    filename=name
    try:
        with open(filename) as f_obj:
            lines=f_obj.readlines()
    #倘若任一文件不存在，输出友好的错误信息
    except FileNotFoundError:
        print(filename + " file is not found.")
    else:
        for line in lines:
            print(line + '\n')

Notes:无try-except-else语句时，else代码块内for语句与try代码块内lines语句是同缩进的；使用try-except-else语句后，依照其本身处理意义，不是同缩进也无妨。

#10.3.6-7分析文本
def count_words(filename):
'''计算一个文件中包含多少个单词'''
    try:
        with open(filename,encoding='gb18030',errors='ignore') as f_obj:
            contents=f_obj.read()
    except FileNotFoundError:
        msg="Sorry, the file " + filename + " does not exist."
        print(msg)
        #出现FileNotFoundError异常时，执行except代码块，什么都不会发生
        #pass
    else:
    #计算文件中包含多少个单词
        words=contents.split()
        num_words=len(words)
        print("The file " + filename + " has about " + str(num_words) + " words")

filenames=['Alice’s_Adventures_in_Wonderland.txt','Japanese Girls and Women by Alice Mabel Bacon']
for filename in filenames:
    count_words(filename)

Notes：encoding方式可以为utf-8,gbk等，无需修改txt文件格式，只要在open函数内指定编码方式；errors：有些字符无法读取，进行忽略处理。

#10-10 特定的单词或短语在字符串中出现多少次
filename='Alice’s_Adventures_in_Wonderland.txt'
with open(filename,encoding='gb18030',errors='ignore') as f_obj:
    contents=f_obj.read()
    num1=contents.count('the')
    print(num1)
    num2=contents.lower().count('the')
    print(num2)

#10-10 特定的单词或短语在字符串中出现多少次——改良版
def count_words(filename,word):
'''定义一个函数，查找文件中某个单词出现的次数'''
    try:
        with open(filename,encoding='gb18030',errors='ignore') as f_obj:
            contents=f_obj.read()
    except FileNotFoundError:
        pass
    else:
        num1=contents.count(word)
        print(num1)
        num2=contents.lower().count(word)
        print(num2)

filename='Alice’s_Adventures_in_Wonderland.txt'
word='the'
count_words(filename,word)