spring rabbitmq 动态绑定代码实现以及工作原理

一般单纯使用spring+rabbitmq或者单独使用rabbitmq时，查看下官网的demo应该问题不大，spring amqp封装rabbitmq之后，初始化， 发送，接收的代码变得更是简洁，只是配置项可能会多一些，如果是xml会有不少，假使是annotations会相对简单。

rabbitmq中有种exchange是topic，官网的示例图说的很清楚，在现实的业务中的话，服务端消息发送到绑定的exchange的时候，routingKey是根据不同业务的匹配规则动态生成，先撇开consumer端的消费来说，producer端获取数据并根据routingKey，发送到绑定的exchange时，这个过程很多情况下，是需要动态绑定生成的。

rabbitmq的原生api实现和spring amqp的api实现，关于动态绑定exchange，routingKey和queue的代码。值得注意，producer端在产生数据的时候，并不需要一定绑定一个或者多个queue；

客户端在消费消息的时候，只需要跟exchange+routingKey建立连接，就可以获取对应的数据了。而接收这些数据的客户端队列需要一个queueName，这个在consumer接收的时候，是必须的。因此，这里我说，queue的名称对于producer是不重要的。（我自己的看法，若有错误，希望指出，谢谢）
当exchange的类型被指定为topic的时候，动态的绑定路由和分发数据，不管对producer还是consumer来说，都是比较重要的。这里，我主要贴一下spring amqp的api的动态绑定的代码，rabbitmq原生api也有

RabbitMQ 的工作原理

组成部分说明如下：

• Broker：消息队列服务进程，此进程包括两个部分：Exchange 和 Queue
• Exchange：消息队列交换机，按一定的规则将消息路由转发到某个队列，对消息进行过滤
• Queue：消息队列，存储消息的队列，消息到达队列并转发给指定的消费方
• Producer：消息生产者，即生产方客户端，生产方客户端将消费发送到
• MQ Consumer：消息消费者，即消费方客户端，接收 MQ 妆发的消息

消息发布接收流程

发送消息
1、生产者和 Broker 建立 TCP 连接
2、生产者和 Broker 建立通道
3、生产者通过通道消息发送 Broker，由 Exchange 将消息进行转发
4、Exchange 将消息转发到指定的 Queue（队列）

接收消息

1、消费者和 Broker 建立 TCP 连接
2、消费者和 Broker 建立通道
3、消费者监听指定的 Queue（队列）
4、当有消息到达 Queue 时 Broker 默认将消息推送给消费者
5、消费者接收到消息

废话不多说代码才是硬核

producer代码：

package com.rabbitmq.test;


import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.TopicExchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.CachingConnectionFactory;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.ConnectionFactory;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitAdmin;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;

/**
 * @Classname ProducerConfiguration
 * @Description TODO
 * @Date 2020/6/18 16:20
 * @Created by snear
 */
public class ProducerConfiguration {

    private String queueName;
    private String routingKey;
    private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
    private String exchange;

    public ProducerConfiguration() {

    }

    public ProducerConfiguration(String exchange,String queueName, String routingKey) {
        this.queueName = queueName;
        this.routingKey = routingKey;
        this.exchange=exchange;
        this.rabbitTemplate = rabbitTemplate();
        RabbitAdmin admin = new RabbitAdmin(this.rabbitTemplate.getConnectionFactory());
        admin.declareQueue(new Queue(this.queueName));
        admin.declareExchange(new TopicExchange(exchange));
//        admin.setAutoStartup(true);
    }

    public String getExchange() {
        return exchange;
    }

    public void setExchange(String exchange) {
        this.exchange = exchange;
    }

    public void setQueueName(String queueName) {
        this.queueName = queueName;
    }

    public void setRoutingKey(String routingKey) {
        this.routingKey = routingKey;
    }
    public String getQueueName() {
        return queueName;
    }

    public String getRoutingKey() {
        return routingKey;
    }
    public RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate() {
        RabbitTemplate template = new RabbitTemplate(connectionFactory());
//The routing key is set to the name of the queue by the broker for the default exchange.
        template.setRoutingKey(this.routingKey);
//Where we will synchronously receive messages from
        template.setDefaultReceiveQueue(this.queueName);
//        template.setMessageConverter(new JsonMessageConverter());
        return template;
    }

    public ConnectionFactory connectionFactory() {
        CachingConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new CachingConnectionFactory("localhost");
        connectionFactory.setUsername("guest");
        connectionFactory.setPassword("guest");
        return connectionFactory;
    }

    public void send(String s) {

        this.rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(s);
    }

    public void send(String exchange,String routingKey,Object msg) {

        this.rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(exchange,routingKey,msg);
    }
}

consumer代码：

package com.rabbitmq.test;

import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.CachingConnectionFactory;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.ConnectionFactory;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.adapter.MessageListenerAdapter;

/**
 * @Classname ConsumerConfig
 * @Description TODO
 * @Date 2020/6/18 16:28
 * @Created by snear
 */
public class ConsumerConfig {
    private String queueName;
    private String routingKey;
    private int onOfConsumer;

    public int getOnOfConsumer() {
        return onOfConsumer;
    }

    public void setOnOfConsumer(int onOfConsumer) {
        this.onOfConsumer = onOfConsumer;
    }

    public String getQueueName() {
        return queueName;
    }

    public void setQueueName(String queueName) {
        this.queueName = queueName;
    }

    public String getRoutingKey() {
        return routingKey;
    }

    public void setRoutingKey(String routingKey) {
        this.routingKey = routingKey;
    }

    public ConsumerConfig(String queueName, String routingKey, int onOfConsumer) throws Exception {
        this.queueName = queueName;
        this.routingKey = routingKey;
        this.onOfConsumer = onOfConsumer;
        ConsumerSimpleMessageListenerContainer container = new ConsumerSimpleMessageListenerContainer();
        container.setConnectionFactory(connectionFactory());
        container.setQueueNames(this.queueName);
        container.setConcurrentConsumers(this.onOfConsumer);
        container.setMessageListener(new MessageListenerAdapter(new ConsumerHandler()));
        container.startConsumers();
    }

    public ConnectionFactory connectionFactory() {
        CachingConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new CachingConnectionFactory("localhost");
        connectionFactory.setUsername("guest");
        connectionFactory.setPassword("guest");
        return connectionFactory;
    }

}

consumer的监听和handler：

package com.rabbitmq.test;

import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.SimpleMessageListenerContainer;

/**
 * @Classname ConsumerSimpleMessageListenerContainer
 * @Description TODO
 * @Date 2020/6/18 16:29
 * @Created by snear
 */
public class ConsumerSimpleMessageListenerContainer extends SimpleMessageListenerContainer {

    public void startConsumers() throws Exception {
        super.doStart();
    }
}

package com.rabbitmq.test;

/**
 * @Classname ConsumerHandler
 * @Description TODO
 * @Date 2020/6/18 16:30
 * @Created by snear
 */
public class ConsumerHandler {

    public void handleMessage(String text) {
        System.out.println("Received--------------------------: " + text);
    }
}

最后是test：

package com.rabbitmq.test;

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

/**
 * @Classname Test
 * @Description TODO
 * @Date 2020/6/18 16:31
 * @Created by snear
 */
public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException, Exception {
        ProducerConfiguration producer = new ProducerConfiguration("e1","q1", "q1");
        ConsumerConfig consumer = new ConsumerConfig("q1", "q1", 5);
        int cout = 0;
        producer.send("Str: " + cout);
       /* while (true) {
            producer.send("Str: " + cout);
            TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);
            cout++;

        }*/
    }

}