1 远程调用
1.1 Feign完成调用
Feign是一个声明式的http客户端,官方地址:https://github.com/OpenFeign/feign
- 其作用就是帮助我们优雅的实现http请求的发送,解决上面提到的问题。
前置:
首先将服务注册到注册中心(nacos)上
- 项目分为了api、model、service三个模块
①导入依赖
此处因为要上传视频等multipart文件,因此需要导入对应依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- Spring Cloud 微服务远程调用 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.github.openfeign</groupId>
<artifactId>feign-httpclient</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--feign支持Multipart格式传参-->
<dependency>
<groupId>io.github.openfeign.form</groupId>
<artifactId>feign-form</artifactId>
<version>3.8.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.github.openfeign.form</groupId>
<artifactId>feign-form-spring</artifactId>
<version>3.8.0</version>
</dependency>
②在nacos上修改feign-dev.yaml配置文件
feign:
client:
config:
default: # default全局的配置
loggerLevel: BASIC # 日志级别,BASIC就是基本的请求和响应信息
httpclient:
enabled: true # 开启feign对HttpClient的支持
max-connections: 200 # 最大的连接数
max-connections-per-route: 50 # 每个路径的最大连接数
③在service和api工程引入:
此处通过共享配置来实现
shared-configs:
- data-id: feign-${spring.profiles.active}.yaml
group: xuecheng-plus-common
refresh: true
shared-configs下的data-id
④在service项目中实现FeignClientService
@FeignClient(value = "media-api",configuration = MultipartSupportConfig.class)
@RequestMapping("/media")
public interface MediaServiceClient {
@RequestMapping(value = "/upload/coursefile", consumes = {MediaType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA_VALUE})
public String upload(@RequestPart("filedata") MultipartFile filedata,
@RequestParam(value = "folder",required=false) String folder,
@RequestParam(value= "objectName",required=false) String objectName) ;
}
上传multipart文件配置类:
@Configuration
public class MultipartSupportConfig {
@Autowired
private ObjectFactory<HttpMessageConverters> messageConverters;
@Bean
@Primary//注入相同类型的bean时优先使用
@Scope("prototype")
public Encoder feignEncoder() {
return new SpringFormEncoder(new SpringEncoder(messageConverters));
}
//将file转为Multipart
public static MultipartFile getMultipartFile(File file) {
FileItem item = new DiskFileItemFactory().createItem("file", MediaType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA_VALUE, true, file.getName());
try (FileInputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream(file);
OutputStream outputStream = item.getOutputStream();) {
IOUtils.copy(inputStream, outputStream);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return new CommonsMultipartFile(item);
}
}
@FeignClient
注解value指明调用目标的服务名称;
⑤启动类上添加注解
@EnableFeignClients(basePackages={"com.xuecheng.content.feignclient"})
2 熔断降级
在微服务开发过程中,我们不能因为下游的服务有问题而拖垮我们整个系统服务,因此在远程调用的时候我们需要设置熔断降级策略
①feign开启hystrix
feign:
hystrix:
enabled: true
②编写熔断降级策略
@FeignClient注解上有一个配置fallbackFactory
fallbackFactory指明调用失败后的做法
- fallbackFactory:有返回值,可以获取到异常信息;推荐使用
- fallback没有返回值,捕获不到异常信息
MediaServiceClientFallbackFactory:
@Slf4j
@Component
public class MediaServiceClientFallbackFactory implements FallbackFactory<MediaServiceClient> {
//使用FallbackFactory可以获取异常信息
@Override
public MediaServiceClient create(Throwable throwable) {
return new MediaServiceClient(){
@Override
public String upload(MultipartFile filedata, String folder, String objectName) {
throwable.printStackTrace();
//降级方法
log.debug("调用媒资管理服务上传文件时发生熔断,异常信息:{}",throwable.getMessage());
return null;
}
};
}
}
③指明FeignClient的降级策略
@FeignClient(value = “media-api”,configuration = MultipartSupportConfig.class,fallbackFactory = MediaServiceClientFallbackFactory.class)