03. 一对多、多对一的处理

1. 多对一的处理

查询所有学生的信息，以及对应的老师的信息。

SQL：

select * from student s, teacher t where s.tid = t.id;

select s.id, s.name, t.name from student s, teacher t where s.tid = t.id;

package com.zk.pojo;

public class Student {

    private int id;

    private String name;

    private Teacher teacher;

}

package com.zk.pojo;

public class Teacher {

    private int id;

    private String name;

}

方式一：按照查询嵌套处理（子查询）

StudentMapper

public interface StudentMapper {

    List<Student> getStudent();

}

StudentMapper.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.zk.dao.StudentMapper">

    <!--
    思路：
        1. 查询所有的学生信息
        2. 根据查询出来的学生的tid，查找对应的老师
    -->
    <select id="getStudent" resultMap="StudentTeacher">
        select s.id, s.name, t.name from student s, teacher t where s.tid = t.id;
    </select>
    <resultMap id="StudentTeacher" type="com.zk.pojo.Student">
        <result property="id" column="id"/>
        <result property="name" column="name"/>
<!--        <result property="teacher" column="***"/>-->
        <!--复杂的属性需要单独处理：
            对象：association
            集合：collection
        -->
        <association property="teacher" column="tid" javaType="com.zk.pojo.Teacher" select="getTeacher"/>
    </resultMap>

    <select id="getTeacher" resultType="com.zk.pojo.Teacher">
        select * from Teacher where id = #{id}
    </select>

</mapper>

方式二：按照结果嵌套处理（联表查询）

StudentMapper

// 方式二：按照结果嵌套处理（嵌套查询）
    List<Student> getStudent2();

StudentMapper.xml

<!-- 方式二 按照结果嵌套处理-->
    <select id="getStudent2" resultType="com.zk.pojo.Student">
        select s.id sid, s.name sname, t.name tname
        from student s, teacher t 
        where s.tid = t.id;
    </select>
    <resultMap id="StudentTeacher2" type="com.zk.pojo.Student">
        <!-- 没起别名，查出来就是默认列；起了别名，对应的列就要为别名 -->
        <result property="id" column="sid"/>
        <result property="name" column="sname"/>
        <association property="teacher" javaType="com.zk.pojo.Teacher">
            <result property="name" column="tname"/>
        </association>
    </resultMap>

2. 一对多的处理

比如一个老师拥有多个学生。获取指定老师下的所有学生及老师的信息，SQL 实现：

select s.id sid, s.name sname, t.name tname, t.id tid
from student s, teacher t
where s.tid = t.id and t.id = {tid}

实体类

package com.zk.pojo;

import lombok.Data;

import java.util.List;

@Data
public class Teacher {

    private int id;

    private String name;

    private List<Student> students;

}

package com.zk.pojo;

import lombok.Data;

@Data
public class Student {

    private int id;

    private String name;

    private int tid;

}

TeacherMapper

public interface TeacherMapper {

    List<Teacher> getTeacher(@Param("tid") int id);

}

TeacherMapper.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.zk.dao.TeacherMapper">

    <!-- 按结果嵌套查询 -->
    <select id="getTeacher" resultMap="TeacherStudent">
        select s.id sid, s.name sname, t.name tname, t.id tid
        from student s, teacher t
        where s.tid = t.id and t.id = {id}
    </select>
    <resultMap id="TeacherStudent" type="com.zk.pojo.Teacher">
        <result property="id" column="tid"/>
        <result property="name" column="tname"/>
        <!-- javaType="：指定属性的类型，集合中的泛型类型，使用ofType获取-->
        <collection property="students" ofType="com.zk.pojo.Student">
            <result property="id" column="sid"/>
            <result property="name" column="sname"/>
            <result property="tid" column="tid"/>
        </collection>
    </resultMap>
    
    <!-- 按查询嵌套处理 -->
    <select id="getTeacher2" resultMap="TeacherStudent2">
        select * from teacher where id = #{tid}
    </select>
    <resultMap id="TeacherStudent2" type="com.zk.pojo.Teacher">
        <result property="id" column="id"/>
        <result property="name" column="name"/>
        <collection property="students" javaType="ArrayList" ofType="com.zk.pojo.Student" select="getStudentByTeacherId" column="id"/>
    </resultMap>
    
    <select id="getStudentByTeacherId" resultType="com.zk.pojo.Student">
        select * from student where tid = #{tid}
    </select>

</mapper>

3. 小结

• association - 多对一
• collection - 一对多
• javaType - 用来指定实体类中属性的类型
• ofType - 用来指定映射到 List 或者集合中 pojo 的类型，泛型中的约束类型