Linux命令

Linux命令

1.通配符

1.1*

匹配所有以*.txt结尾的文件

hqyj@ubuntu:~/Documents/1205mingling$ ls *.txt
5.txt  err.txt  err2.txt  err3.txt  list.txt  right.txt  ringht.txt

1.2 ？

匹配?.txt结尾的文件,只占一个长度

5.txt  err.txt  err2.txt  err3.txt  list.txt  right.txt  ringht.txt
hqyj@ubuntu:~/Documents/1205mingling$ ls ?.txt
5.txt

1.3[]

删除[]相匹配的.txt的文件

hqyj@ubuntu:~/Documents/1205mingling$ touch 1.c 2.c 3.c 4.c 5.txt
hqyj@ubuntu:~/Documents/1205mingling$ rm [123].c
hqyj@ubuntu:~/Documents/1205mingling$ ls
4.c  5.txt

1.4[1-4]

删除[1-4]范围内的.txt的文件

hqyj@ubuntu:~/Documents/1205mingling$ ls
1.c  2.c  3.c  4.c  5.txt
hqyj@ubuntu:~/Documents/1205mingling$ rm [1-4].c
hqyj@ubuntu:~/Documents/1205mingling$ ls
5.txt

1.4[^]

保留[12].txt的文件，删除别的以txt结尾的文件。

hqyj@ubuntu:~/Documents/1205mingling$ ls
1.c  2.c  3.c  4.c  5.txt
hqyj@ubuntu:~/Documents/1205mingling$ rm[^12].c
hqyj@ubuntu:~/Documents/1205mingling$ rm [^12].c
hqyj@ubuntu:~/Documents/1205mingling$ ls
1.c  2.c  5.txt

2.管道 |

将|前的输出，作为| 后的输入

hqyj@ubuntu:~/Documents/1205mingling$ ls
1.c  2.c  5.txt
hqyj@ubuntu:~/Documents/1205mingling$ ls | wc -w
3
hqyj@ubuntu:~/Documents/1205mingling$ ls
1.c  2.c  5.txt
hqyj@ubuntu:~/Documents/1205mingling$ ps aux | grep bash
hqyj        2613  0.0  0.2  13964  5108 pts/0    Ss   09:45   0:00 bash
hqyj        6297  0.0  0.0   3312   648 pts/0    S+   10:52   0:00 grep --color=auto bas

2.输入输出重定向

2.1>file新建模式

将ls输出的结果重定向输入到list.txt中

hqyj@ubuntu:~/Documents/1205mingling$ ls > list.txt
hqyj@ubuntu:~/Documents/1205mingling$ ls
1.c  2.c  5.txt  list.txt
hqyj@ubuntu:~/Documents/1205mingling$ vi list.txt

2.2>>file追加模式

hqyj@ubuntu:~/Documents/1205mingling$ pwd >>list.txt
hqyj@ubuntu:~/Documents/1205mingling$ vi list.txt

将ls输出的pwd结果追加list.txt中

2.3&>file新建错误模式

hqyj@ubuntu:~/Documents/1205mingling$ ls test 
ls: cannot access 'test': No such file or directory
hqyj@ubuntu:~/Documents/1205mingling$ ls test &> err.txt

2. 2&>file新建错误模式重定向

hqyj@ubuntu:~/Documents/1205mingling$ ls test
ls: cannot access 'test': No such file or directory
hqyj@ubuntu:~/Documents/1205mingling$ ls test 2&>err2.txt
hqyj@ubuntu:~/Documents/1205mingling$ 

2.3输出重定向

wc -c <list.txt

2.4命令置换符

hqyj@ubuntu:~/Documents/1205mingling$ ls pwd
ls: cannot access 'pwd': No such file or directory
hqyj@ubuntu:~/Documents/1205mingling$ ls `pwd`
1.c  2.c  5.txt  err.txt  err2.txt  err3.txt  list.txt  right.txt  ringht.txt

3.cat 查看文本文件内容

hqyj@ubuntu:~/Documents/1205mingling$ cat -n list.txt
     1	1.c
     2	2.c
     3	5.txt
     4	list.txt
     5	/home/hqyj/Documents/1205mingling

3.1grep 查找字符串

hqyj@ubuntu:~/Documents/1205mingling$ grep hqyj /etc/passwd
hqyj:x:1000:1000:hqyj,,,:/home/hqyj:/bin/bash

3.2head/tail 查看文件前/后行内容

-n 文件名 默认10行

hqyj@ubuntu:~/Documents/1205mingling$ tail err2.txt

3.3sort排序

hqyj@ubuntu:~/Documents/1205mingling$ tail err2.txt 
ls: cannot access 'test': No such file or directory
ls: cannot access '2': No such file or directory
.:
1.c
2.c
5.txt
err.txt
err2.txt
list.txt
ringht.txt
==========================================================
hqyj@ubuntu:~/Documents/1205mingling$ sort err2.txt
.:
1.c
2.c
5.txt
err.txt
err2.txt
list.txt
ls: cannot access '2': No such file or directory
ls: cannot access 'test': No such file or directory
ringht.txt

3.4uniq去掉文件相邻重复的行

hqyj@ubuntu:~/Documents/1205mingling$ sort err2.txt | uniq
.:
1.c
2.c
5.txt
err.txt
err2.txt
list.txt
ls: cannot access '2': No such file or directory
ls: cannot access 'test': No such file or directory
ringht.t

4.echo输出

相当于printf 配合$可以取变量值

hqyj@ubuntu:~/Documents/1205mingling$ echo hello
hello
//" "双引号里面空格会原样输出
hqyj@ubuntu:~/Documents/1205mingling$ echo "  hello"
  hello
//取HISTSIZE 值
hqyj@ubuntu:~/Documents/1205mingling$ echo $HISTSIZE
1000
hqyj@ubuntu:~/Documents/1205mingling$ echo "$HITSIZE"

hqyj@ubuntu:~/Documents/1205mingling$ echo "$HISTSIZE"
1000
//'单引号里面会原样输出字符串'
hqyj@ubuntu:~/Documents/1205mingling$ echo '$HISTSIZE'
$HISTSIZE

5.date显示时间日期

hqyj@ubuntu:~/Documents/1205mingling$ date
Tue Dec  5 14:09:28 CST 2023

6.passwd密码

sudo passwd

7.su切换用户

su-c 切换到root用户 执行之后切换到user用户
su-m 切换到root用户 环境变量为 user用户
su - 切换到root用户 环境变量为 root用户

8.df查看文件系统类型

hqyj@ubuntu:~/Documents/1205mingling$ df -T -h
Filesystem     Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev           devtmpfs  927M     0  927M   0% /dev
tmpfs          tmpfs     193M  3.1M  190M   2% /run
/dev/sda5      ext4       20G   11G  7.8G  58% /
tmpfs          tmpfs     965M     0  965M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs          tmpfs     5.0M  4.0K  5.0M   1% /run/lock
tmpfs          tmpfs     965M     0  965M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/loop0     squashfs  128K  128K     0 100% /snap/bare/5
/dev/loop1     squashfs   56M   56M     0 100% /snap/core18/2538
/dev/loop2     squashfs   56M   56M     0 100% /snap/core18/2796
/dev/loop3     squashfs  165M  165M     0 100% /snap/gnome-3-28-1804/198
/dev/loop4     squashfs   74M   74M     0 100% /snap/core22/864

9.du查看具体文件占磁盘情况

hqyj@ubuntu:~/Documents/1205mingling$ sudo du -s -h /etc
[sudo] password for hqyj: 
12M	/etc

10.用户管理命令

10.1adduser

系统自动添加组名和id

adduser +username

10.1deluser

deluser +username
//删除用户和home
hqyj@ubuntu:~/Documents/1205mingling$ sudo deluser --remove-home zh 
Looking for files to backup/remove ...
Removing files ...
Removing user `zh' ...
Warning: group `lzh' has no more members.
Done.
//删除group
hqyj@ubuntu:~/Documents/1205mingling$ delgroup lzh

11.ps查看进程

ps 命令
    ps aux 查看系统进程
    top 动态查看系统进程
    pstree 进程以tree的结构展示