基类指针指向派生类，基类的set函数可以给基类成员赋值，对应的派生类成员值也会改变

//基类指针指向派生类，居然同时改变基类及对应派生的成员值
//基类指针能获取派生成员值，用基类成员函数改变派生类成员值

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

class B;

class A{
private:
    int a;
public: 
    void seta(int a);
    int geta();
    void show();
    void show(B *b);
    
    A();
    A(int a);
    ~A();
};

class B:public A{
private:
    int b;
public:
    friend void A::show(B *b);
    void setb(int b);
    int getb();
    void show();
    
    B();
    B(int b);
    B(int a,int b);
    ~B();
};

A::A():a(111){}
A::A(int a):a(a){}
A::~A(){}
void A::seta(int a){this->a=a;cout << "seta" << endl;}
int A::geta(){return this->a;}
void A::show(){cout<< a << endl;}
void A::show(B *b){cout << a << "," << b->a << "," << b->b << endl;}


B::B():b(222){}
B::B(int b):b(b){}
B::B(int a,int b):A(a),b(b){}
B::~B(){}
void B::setb(int b){this->b=b;}
int B::getb(){return this->b;}
void B::show(){cout<< geta() << "," << b << endl;}


int main(){
    A vara1;
    vara1.show();          
    B varb1;
    varb1.show();   
    A vara2;
    vara2.show(&varb1);
    
    cout << "基类指针指向派生类:只能调用派生类的成员变量，不能调用派生类的成员函数" << endl;
    A *vara3=new A;
    B *varb3=new B(444,333);    
    vara3->show();
    vara3->show(varb3);
    varb3->show();   
    cout << vara3 << endl;
    cout << varb3 << endl;   
    
    //把派生类指针赋值给基类指针
    //或基类指针指向派生类
    vara3=varb3;
    cout << vara3 << endl;
    vara3->show();
    //基类指针指向派生类，居然同时改变基类及对应派生的成员值
    //基类指针能获取派生成员值，用基类成员函数改变派生类成员值
    
    vara3->seta(999);
    vara3->show();
    vara3->show(varb3);
    varb3->show();
    
    cout << "派生类指针不能指向基类" << endl;
    return 0;


}