消息队列RabbitMQ

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RabbitMQ基础知识

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消息队列的特性:
1.业务无关
2.FIFO
3.容灾
4.性能

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RabbitMQ的特点和核心概念

高级消息队列协议:
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RabbitMQ的安装和启动

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1 Linux下安装RabbitMQ

官方安装指南:https://www.rabbitmq.com/install-rpm.html
安装erlang

配置源:

vim /etc/yum.repos.d/rabbitmq_erlang.repo

将如下配置复制到rabbitmq_erlang.repo中

[rabbitmq-erlang]
name=rabbitmq-erlang
baseurl=https://dl.bintray.com/rabbitmq-erlang/rpm/erlang/22/el/7
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://dl.bintray.com/rabbitmq/Keys/rabbitmq-release-signing-key.asc
repo_gpgcheck=0
enabled=1

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yum clean all
yum makecache

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然后yum install erlang
要确认源是“rabbitmq_erlang”

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如果你网络不好,也可以使用下载好的直接安装
yum install安装包上传到linux的完整路径名.

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当输入erl -version,弹出版本说明已经安装好了,
输erl能进入erl的界面
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安装RabbitMQ
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我们将要安装的RabbitMQ的版本是3.8.2

导入密钥

rpm --import https://www.rabbitmq.com/rabbitmq-release-signing-key.asc

下载rpm安装包:

wget https://dl.bintray.com/rabbitmq/all/rabbitmq-server/3.8.2/rabbitmq-server-3.8.2-1.el7.noarch.rpm

如果速度比较慢,就用:

wget https://github.com/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-server/releases/download/v3.8.2/rabbitmq-server-3.8.2-1.el7.noarch.rpm

也可以自己下载安装包,然后进行上传

下载完成后,安装:

yum install rabbitmq-server-3.8.2-1.el7.noarch.rpm

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如果出现解压错误,说明下载了多次,用ls -la看一下有几个文件,如果有多个安装包,要把多余的删掉,把正确的改名为rabbitmq-server-3.8.2-1.el7.noarch.rpm,再执行yum install来安装
到这里RabbitMQ就安装好了

RabbitMQ常用命令
r)

停止RabbitMQ

$rabbitmqctl stop

设置开机启动

$ systemctl enable rabbitmq-server 

启动RabbitMQ

$ systemctl start rabbitmq-server

看看端口有没有起来,查看状态

$ rabbitmqctl status 

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要检查RabbitMQ服务器的状态,请运行:

systemctl status rabbitmq-server

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开启web管理界面

rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_management

RabbitMQ的应用

RabbitMQ的管理后台

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开启web管理界面

rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_management

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添加用户账号:

添加用户名为admin,密码为123456的用户

 rabbitmqctl add_user admin 123456

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给用户设置权限(把admin添加到administrator中【用户管理员】)

rabbitmqctl set_user_tags admin administrator

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默认管理后台的端口为15672

之后便可以在浏览器中输入IP地址和端口号进入后台管理页面:
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新建RabbitMQ项目:

先新建maven项目,然后引入两个依赖


<!--    rabbitMQ依赖-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.rabbitmq</groupId>
        <artifactId>amqp-client</artifactId>
        <version>5.8.0</version>
    </dependency>
<!--    记录日志的依赖-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
        <artifactId>slf4j-nop</artifactId>
        <version>1.7.29</version>
    </dependency>

外界访问RabbitMQ用的是5672端口,因此需要先开启此端口
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发送消息的步骤:
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第一个生产者:

package helloWorld;


import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

/**
 * Hello World 的发送消息类,连接到RabbitMQ服务端,然后发送消息,然后退出
 */
public class Send {
    private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "hello";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {

        //创建连接工厂
        ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();

        //设置RabbitMQ地址
        factory.setHost("192.168.91.130");
        factory.setUsername("admin");
        factory.setPassword("123456");

        //建立连接
        Connection connection = factory.newConnection();

        //获取信道
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

        //声明队列
        channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false,null);

        //发布消息
        String message = "Hello World";
        channel.basicPublish("", QUEUE_NAME, null, message.getBytes("UTF-8"));
        System.out.println("发送了消息" + message);
        //关闭连接
        channel.close();

        connection.close();


    }
}

第一个生产者:

package helloWorld;

import com.rabbitmq.client.*;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

public class Recv {

    private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "hello";

    public static void main(java.lang.String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {

        //创建连接工厂
        ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();

        //设置RabbitMQ地址
        factory.setHost("192.168.91.130");
        factory.setUsername("admin");
        factory.setPassword("123456");

        //建立连接
        Connection connection = factory.newConnection();

        //获取信道
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

        //声明队列
        channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false,null);

//接收消息并消费
        channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME,true,new DefaultConsumer(channel){
            @Override
            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope,
                                       AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body)
                    throws IOException {

                String message = new String(body, "UTF-8");
                System.out.println("收到消息" + message);
            }
        });



    }
}

多个消费者平均分配压力:
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根据工作量的平均:

package workqueues;

import com.rabbitmq.client.*;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

/**
 * 批量接收消息
 */
public class MoreNewRecv {


    private final static String TASK_QUEUE_NAME = "task";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {

        //创建连接工厂
        ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();

        //设置RabbitMQ地址
        factory.setHost("192.168.91.130");
        factory.setUsername("admin");
        factory.setPassword("123456");

        //建立连接
        Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
        //获取信道
        final Channel channel = connection.createChannel();

        //声明队列
        channel.queueDeclare(TASK_QUEUE_NAME, true, false, false, null);

        //改为不自动确认消息
        channel.basicQos(1);
        channel.basicConsume(TASK_QUEUE_NAME,false,new DefaultConsumer(channel){
            @Override
            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
                String message = new String(body, "UTF-8");
                System.out.println("收到了消息" + message);
               try {
                   doWord(message);
                }finally {
                   System.out.println("消息处理完成" +
                           "" +
                           "");
//处理完成后再确认消息
                   channel.basicAck(envelope.getDeliveryTag(), false);
               }

            }
        });


    }


    private static void doWord(String task) {
        char[] chars = task.toCharArray();
        for (char ch : chars) {
            if (ch == '.') {
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }
    }


交换机类型

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fanout模式

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生产者:

package fanout;

import com.rabbitmq.client.BuiltinExchangeType;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

/**
 * 发送日志信息
 */
public class EmitLog {
    private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "logs";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
        factory.setHost("192.168.91.130");
        factory.setUsername("admin");
        factory.setPassword("123456");

        Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, BuiltinExchangeType.FANOUT);

        String message = "info:Hello World";

        channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, "", null, message.getBytes("UTF-8"));

        System.out.println("发送了消息" + message);
        channel.close();
        connection.close();

    }
}

消费者:

package fanout;

import com.rabbitmq.client.*;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

/**
 * 接收日志消息
 */

public class ReceiveLogs {
    private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "logs";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
        factory.setHost("192.168.91.130");
        factory.setUsername("admin");
        factory.setPassword("123456");

        Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME,
                BuiltinExchangeType.FANOUT);

//创建一个非持久、自动删除的队列
        String queueName = channel.queueDeclare().getQueue();
        channel.queueBind(queueName, EXCHANGE_NAME, "");

        System.out.println("开始接收消息");

        Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
            @Override
            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
                String message = new String(body, "UTF-8");
                System.out.println(message);

            }
        };
        channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer);

    }

}

direct模式

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一个生产者:

package direct;

import com.rabbitmq.client.BuiltinExchangeType;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

/**
 * 发送日志信息
 */
public class EmitLogDirect {
    private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "DirectLogs";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
        factory.setHost("192.168.91.130");
        factory.setUsername("admin");
        factory.setPassword("123456");

        Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT);

        String message = "info:Hello World";

        channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, "info", null, message.getBytes("UTF-8"));

        System.out.println("发送了消息" + "等级为info,内容为:"+message);





        message = "warning:Hello World";

        channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, "warning", null, message.getBytes("UTF-8"));

        System.out.println("发送了消息" + "等级为warning,内容为:"+message);







         message = "err:Hello World";

        channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, "err", null, message.getBytes("UTF-8"));

        System.out.println("发送了消息" + "等级为err,内容为:"+message);
        channel.close();
        connection.close();

    }
}

接收3种类型的消费者:

package direct;

import com.rabbitmq.client.*;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

/**
 * 接收3个类型的日志
 */
public class ReceiveLogsDirect1 {



    private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "DirectLogs";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
        factory.setHost("192.168.91.130");
        factory.setUsername("admin");
        factory.setPassword("123456");

        Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME,
                BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT);

//创建一个非持久、自动删除的队列

        //生成随机的、临时的queue
        String queueName = channel.queueDeclare().getQueue();

       //一个交换机绑定3个queue
        channel.queueBind(queueName, EXCHANGE_NAME, "info");
        channel.queueBind(queueName, EXCHANGE_NAME, "warning");
        channel.queueBind(queueName, EXCHANGE_NAME, "err");

        System.out.println("开始接收消息");

        Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
            @Override
            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
                String message = new String(body, "UTF-8");
                System.out.println(message);

            }
        };
        channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer);

    }
}

只接收一种类型的接受者:

package direct;

import com.rabbitmq.client.*;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

/**
 * 接收3个类型的日志
 */
public class ReceiveLogsDirect2 {



    private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "DirectLogs";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
        factory.setHost("192.168.91.130");
        factory.setUsername("admin");
        factory.setPassword("123456");

        Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME,
                BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT);

//创建一个非持久、自动删除的队列

        //生成随机的、临时的queue
        String queueName = channel.queueDeclare().getQueue();

       //一个交换机绑定1个queue
     channel.queueBind(queueName, EXCHANGE_NAME, "err");

        System.out.println("开始接收消息");

        Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
            @Override
            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
                String message = new String(body, "UTF-8");
                System.out.println(message);

            }
        };
        channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer);

    }
}

topic模式

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生产者:

package topic;

import com.rabbitmq.client.BuiltinExchangeType;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection;
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

/**
 * topic交换机,发送信息
 */
public class EmitLogTopic {
    private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "TopicLogs";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
        factory.setHost("192.168.91.130");
        factory.setUsername("admin");
        factory.setPassword("123456");

        Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, BuiltinExchangeType.TOPIC);

        String message = "Animal World";


        String[] routingKeys = new String[9];
        routingKeys[0] = "quick.orange.rabbit";
        routingKeys[1] = "lazy.orange.elephant";
        routingKeys[2] = "quick.orange.fox";
        routingKeys[3] = "lazy.brown.fox";
        routingKeys[4] = "lazy.pink.rabbit";
        routingKeys[5] = "quick.brown.fox";
        routingKeys[6] = "orange";
        routingKeys[7] = "quick.orange.male.rabbit";
        routingKeys[8] = "lazy.orange.male.rabbit";

        for (int i = 0; i < routingKeys.length; i++) {
            channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, routingKeys[i], null, message.getBytes("UTF-8"));
            System.out.println("发送了"+message+"  "+"routingKey"+routingKeys[i]);
        }


        channel.close();
        connection.close();

    }
}

消费者1:

package topic;

import com.rabbitmq.client.*;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

/**
 * 特定路由键
 */
public class ReceiveLogsTopic1 {

    private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "TopicLogs";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
        factory.setHost("192.168.91.130");
        factory.setUsername("admin");
        factory.setPassword("123456");

        Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME,
                BuiltinExchangeType.TOPIC);

//创建一个非持久、自动删除的队列

        //生成随机的、临时的queue
        String queueName = channel.queueDeclare().getQueue();


        String routingKey = "*.orange.*";
        channel.queueBind(queueName, EXCHANGE_NAME, routingKey);



        System.out.println("开始接收消息");

        Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
            @Override
            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
                String message = new String(body, "UTF-8");
                System.out.println("收到消息" + message + "  " + "routingKey:" + envelope.getRoutingKey());

            }
        };
        channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer);

    }
}

消费者2

package topic;

import com.rabbitmq.client.*;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

/**
 * 特定路由键
 */
public class ReceiveLogsTopic2 {

    private static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "TopicLogs";

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, TimeoutException {
        ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
        factory.setHost("192.168.91.130");
        factory.setUsername("admin");
        factory.setPassword("123456");

        Connection connection = factory.newConnection();
        Channel channel = connection.createChannel();
        channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME,
                BuiltinExchangeType.TOPIC);

//创建一个非持久、自动删除的队列

        //生成随机的、临时的queue
        String queueName = channel.queueDeclare().getQueue();


        String routingKey = "*.*.rabbit";
        channel.queueBind(queueName, EXCHANGE_NAME, routingKey);

        String routingKey2 = "lazy.#";
        channel.queueBind(queueName, EXCHANGE_NAME, routingKey2);



        System.out.println("开始接收消息");

        Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
            @Override
            public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException {
                String message = new String(body, "UTF-8");
                System.out.println("收到消息" + message + "  " + "routingKey:" + envelope.getRoutingKey());

            }
        };
        channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, consumer);

    }
}

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