20量化处理和采样处理

原文https://blog.csdn.net/Eastmount/article/details/89287543

一.图像量化处理

量化等级为2

即将原始灰度图像的空间坐标幅度值离散化。

import cv2  
import numpy as np  
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

#读取原始图像
img = cv2.imread('C:/Users/31035/Desktop/yifei/01.jpg')

#获取图像高度和宽度
height = img.shape[0]
width = img.shape[1]

#创建一幅图像
new_img = np.zeros((height, width, 3), np.uint8)

#图像量化操作 量化等级为2
for i in range(height):
    for j in range(width):
        for k in range(3): #对应BGR三分量
            if img[i, j][k] < 128:
                gray = 0
            else:
                gray = 128
            new_img[i, j][k] = np.uint8(gray)
        
#显示图像
cv2.imshow("src", img)
cv2.imshow("", new_img)

#等待显示
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

量化等级为2、4、8

#创建一幅图像
new_img1 = np.zeros((height, width, 3), np.uint8)
new_img2 = np.zeros((height, width, 3), np.uint8)
new_img3 = np.zeros((height, width, 3), np.uint8)

#图像量化等级为2的量化处理
for i in range(height):
    for j in range(width):
        for k in range(3): #对应BGR三分量
            if img[i, j][k] < 128:
                gray = 0
            else:
                gray = 128
            new_img1[i, j][k] = np.uint8(gray)

#图像量化等级为4的量化处理
for i in range(height):
    for j in range(width):
        for k in range(3): #对应BGR三分量
            if img[i, j][k] < 64:
                gray = 0
            elif img[i, j][k] < 128:
                gray = 64
            elif img[i, j][k] < 192:
                gray = 128
            else:
                gray = 192
            new_img2[i, j][k] = np.uint8(gray)

#图像量化等级为8的量化处理
for i in range(height):
    for j in range(width):
        for k in range(3): #对应BGR三分量
            if img[i, j][k] < 32:
                gray = 0
            elif img[i, j][k] < 64:
                gray = 32
            elif img[i, j][k] < 96:
                gray = 64
            elif img[i, j][k] < 128:
                gray = 96
            elif img[i, j][k] < 160:
                gray = 128
            elif img[i, j][k] < 192:
                gray = 160
            elif img[i, j][k] < 224:
                gray = 192
            else:
                gray = 224
            new_img3[i, j][k] = np.uint8(gray)

#用来正常显示中文标签
plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif']=['SimHei']

#显示图像
titles = [u'(a) 原始图像', u'(b) 量化-L2', u'(c) 量化-L4', u'(d) 量化-L8']  
images = [img, new_img1, new_img2, new_img3]  
for i in range(4):  
   plt.subplot(2,2,i+1), plt.imshow(images[i], 'gray'), 
   plt.title(titles[i])  
   plt.xticks([]),plt.yticks([])  
plt.show()

二.图像采样处理

图像采样的间隔越大，所得图像像素数越少，
空间分辨率越低，图像质量越差，甚至出现马赛克效应

马赛克，不足之处是右下角有黑色空白。

img = cv2.imread('C:/Users/31035/Desktop/yifei/01.jpg')

#获取图像高度和宽度
height = img.shape[0]
width = img.shape[1]

#采样转换成8*8区域
numHeight = np.uint32(height/16)
numwidth = np.uint32(width/16)

#创建一幅图像
new_img = np.zeros((height, width, 3), np.uint8)

#图像循环采样8*8区域
for i in range(16):
    #获取Y坐标
    y = np.uint8(i*numHeight)
    for j in range(16):
        #获取X坐标
        x = np.uint8(j*numwidth)
        #获取填充颜色 左上角像素点
        b = img[x,y][0]
        g = img[x,y][1]
        r = img[x,y][2]
        
        #循环设置小区域采样
        for n in range(numHeight):
            for m in range(numwidth):
                new_img[y+n, x+m][0] = np.uint8(b)
                new_img[y+n, x+m][1] = np.uint8(g)
                new_img[y+n, x+m][2] = np.uint8(r)
        
#显示图像
cv2.imshow("src", img)
cv2.imshow("Sampling", new_img)

#等待显示
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

局部马赛克处理

# -- coding:utf-8 --
import cv2  
import numpy as np  
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

#读取原始图像
im = cv2.imread('C:/Users/31035/Desktop/yifei/01.jpg')

#设置鼠标左键开启
en = False

#鼠标事件
def draw(event, x, y, flags, param):
    global en
    #鼠标左键按下开启en值
    if event==cv2.EVENT_LBUTTONDOWN:
        en = True
    #鼠标左键按下并且移动
    elif event==cv2.EVENT_MOUSEMOVE and flags==cv2.EVENT_LBUTTONDOWN:
            #调用函数打马赛克
            if en:
                drawMask(y,x)
            #鼠标左键弹起结束操作
            elif event==cv2.EVENT_LBUTTONUP:
                en = False
          
#图像局部采样操作         
def drawMask(x, y, size=10):
    #size*size采样处理
#     m = np.uint32(x / size * size  )
#     n = np.uint32(y / size * size)
    m = np.uint32(x )
    n = np.uint32(y )
    print(m, n)
    #10*10区域设置为同一像素值
    for i in range(size):
        for j in range(size):
            im[m+i][n+j] = im[m][n]

#打开对话框
cv2.namedWindow('image')

#调用draw函数设置鼠标操作
cv2.setMouseCallback('image', draw)

#循环处理
while(1):
    cv2.imshow('image', im)
    #按ESC键退出
    if cv2.waitKey(10)&0xFF==27:
        break
    #按s键保存图片
    elif cv2.waitKey(10)&0xFF==115:
        cv2.imwrite('sava.png', im)

#退出窗口
cv2.destroyAllWindows()