简单的Linux字符设备驱动程序

下面是一个简单的Linux字符设备驱动程序的示例，用于演示如何创建和注册一个字符设备。这个示例仅用于教学目的，它会创建一个设备，该设备能够接收写入的数据，并允许从中读取相同的数据。

请注意，开发内核模块需要具备一定的Linux内核知识，以及对C语言的熟悉。此外，编译内核模块需要安装相应的内核头文件。

#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/uaccess.h>

#define DEVICE_NAME "mychardev"
#define CLASS_NAME "mychar"

MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
MODULE_AUTHOR("An Example Author");
MODULE_DESCRIPTION("A simple Linux char driver");
MODULE_VERSION("0.1");

static int majorNumber;
static char message[256] = {0};
static short size_of_message;
static int numberOpens = 0;
static struct class* charClass = NULL;
static struct device* charDevice = NULL;

static int dev_open(struct inode *, struct file *);
static int dev_release(struct inode *, struct file *);
static ssize_t dev_read(struct file *, char *, size_t, loff_t *);
static ssize_t dev_write(struct file *, const char *, size_t, loff_t *);

static struct file_operations fops =
{
   .open = dev_open,
   .read = dev_read,
   .write = dev_write,
   .release = dev_release,
};

static int __init char_init(void){
   printk(KERN_INFO "CharDevice: Initializing the CharDevice\n");

   majorNumber = register_chrdev(0, DEVICE_NAME, &fops);
   if (majorNumber<0){
      printk(KERN_ALERT "CharDevice failed to register a major number\n");
      return majorNumber;
   }
   printk(KERN_INFO "CharDevice: registered correctly with major number %d\n", majorNumber);

   charClass = class_create(THIS_MODULE, CLASS_NAME);
   if (IS_ERR(charClass)){
      unregister_chrdev(majorNumber, DEVICE_NAME);
      printk(KERN_ALERT "Failed to register device class\n");
      return PTR_ERR(charClass);
   }
   printk(KERN_INFO "CharDevice: device class registered correctly\n");

   charDevice = device_create(charClass, NULL, MKDEV(majorNumber, 0), NULL, DEVICE_NAME);
   if (IS_ERR(charDevice)){
      class_destroy(charClass);
      unregister_chrdev(majorNumber, DEVICE_NAME);
      printk(KERN_ALERT "Failed to create the device\n");
      return PTR_ERR(charDevice);
   }
   printk(KERN_INFO "CharDevice: device class created correctly\n");
   return 0;
}

static void __exit char_exit(void){
   device_destroy(charClass, MKDEV(majorNumber, 0));
   class_unregister(charClass);
   class_destroy(charClass);
   unregister_chrdev(majorNumber, DEVICE_NAME);
   printk(KERN_INFO "CharDevice: Goodbye from the LKM!\n");
}

static int dev_open(struct inode *inodep, struct file *filep){
   numberOpens++;
   printk(KERN_INFO "CharDevice: Device has been opened %d time(s)\n", numberOpens);
   return 0;
}

static ssize_t dev_read(struct file *filep, char *buffer, size_t len, loff_t *offset){
   int error_count = 0;
   error_count = copy_to_user(buffer, message, size_of_message);

   if (error_count==0){
      printk(KERN_INFO "CharDevice: Sent %d characters to the user\n", size_of_message);
      return (size_of_message=0);
   }
   else {
      printk(KERN_INFO "CharDevice: Failed to send %d characters to the user\n", error_count);
      return -EFAULT;
   }
}

static ssize_t dev_write(struct file *filep, const char *buffer, size_t len, loff_t *offset){
   sprintf(message, "%s(%zu letters)", buffer, len);
   size_of_message = strlen(message);
   printk(KERN_INFO "CharDevice: Received %zu characters from the user\n", len);
   return len;
}

static int dev_release(struct inode *inodep, struct file *filep){
   printk(KERN_INFO "CharDevice: Device successfully closed\n");
   return 0;
}
//可以增添设备专属接口
module_init(char_init);
module_exit(char_exit);

驱动测试代码的实现

字符驱动测试程序通常指的是一个简单的程序，用于测试计算机系统中字符设备驱动的功能。这种类型的程序可以帮助开发者确保字符设备（如键盘、串口等）能够正确地接收和发送数据。下面是一个简单的字符设备驱动测试程序的例子，使用C语言编写，针对Linux系统。

这个例子假设你已经有一个字符设备驱动，并且设备文件是/dev/mychardev。

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <string.h>

int main() {
    int fd;
    char buf[100];

    // 打开设备文件
    fd = open("/dev/mychardev", O_RDWR);
    if (fd < 0) {
        perror("Failed to open the device");
        return errno;
    }

    // 向设备写数据
    printf("Writing to the device...\n");
    if (write(fd, "Hello, device!", strlen("Hello, device!")) < 0) {
        perror("Failed to write to the device");
        return errno;
    }

    // 从设备读数据
    printf("Reading from the device...\n");
    if (read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf)) < 0) {
        perror("Failed to read from the device");
        return errno;
    }
    printf("Received: %s\n", buf);

    // 关闭设备文件
    close(fd);

    return 0;
}

这个程序首先尝试打开/dev/mychardev设备文件。如果成功，它会向设备写入字符串"Hello, device!"，然后尝试从设备读取数据到缓冲区buf中，并将读取的数据打印出来。最后，它会关闭设备文件。