mro、super学习

mro了解

    def super(cls, inst):
        """
        :param cls: 类对象
        :param inst: 实例
        :return: 
        """
        mro = inst.__class__.mro()
        return mro[mro.index(cls) + 1]

其中，cls 代表类，inst 代表实例，上面的代码做了两件事：

1. 获取 inst 的 MRO 列表
2. 查找 cls 在当前 MRO 列表中的 index, 并返回它的下一个类，即 mro[index + 1]
   当使用 super(cls, inst) 时，Python 会在 inst 的 MRO 列表上搜索 cls 的下一个类。

super学习

1. 代码示例

   class Base:
       def __init__(self):
           print("enter Base")
           print("leave Base")
   
   
   class A(Base):
       def __init__(self):
           print("enter A")
           super(A,self).__init__()
           print("leave A")
   
   
   class B(Base):
       def __init__(self):
           print("enter B")
           super(B,self).__init__()
           print("leave B")
   
   class C(A,B):
       def __init__(self):
           print("enter C")
           super(C,self).__init__()
           print("leave C")
   
   
   print(C.mro())
   c=C()
   

2. 运行结果

   [<class '__main__.C'>, <class '__main__.A'>, <class '__main__.B'>, <class '__main__.Base'>, <class 'object'>]
   enter C
   enter A
   enter B
   enter Base
   leave Base
   leave B
   leave A
   leave C
   

3. 分析
   C对象初始化时调用super，在mro列表中进入A对象初始化，此时super(A,self).__init__()中self为C实例c，参考上述mro实现，返回B类，进行B对象的初始化，再进行Base初始化

思考

1. 代码示例1

       class Base1:
           def __init__(self):
               print("enter Base1")
               # super().__init__()
               print("leave Base1")
   
   
       class Base2:
           def __init__(self):
               print("enter Base2")
               print("leave Base2")
   
   
       class A(Base1):
           def __init__(self):
               print("enter A")
               super().__init__()
               print("leave A")
   
   
       class B(Base2):
           def __init__(self):
               print("enter B")
               super().__init__()
               print("leave B")
   
   
       class C(A, B):
           def __init__(self):
               print("enter C")
               super().__init__()
               print("leave C")
   
   
       print(C.mro())
       c = C()
   

2. 运行结果

   [<class '__main__.C'>, <class '__main__.A'>, <class '__main__.Base1'>, <class '__main__.B'>, <class '__main__.Base2'>, <class 'object'>]
   enter C
   enter A
   enter Base1
   leave Base1
   leave A
   leave C
   

3. 此处mro包含Base1、Base2，但未初始化Base2。因为在初始化Base1时，并未存在super即不会寻找mro列表中下一项。取消Base1super注释后，可按照mro初始化

4. 修改后运行结果

   [<class '__main__.C'>, <class '__main__.A'>, <class '__main__.Base1'>, <class '__main__.B'>, <class '__main__.Base2'>, <class 'object'>]
   enter C
   enter A
   enter Base1
   enter B
   enter Base2
   leave Base2
   leave B
   leave Base1
   leave A
   leave C
   

super多继承问题

1. 优雅的多继承尝试

   class AAA:
       def __init__(self, a, b, c):
           super(AAA, self).__init__(b, c)
           self.a = a
   
   
   class BBB:
       def __init__(self, b, c):
           super(BBB, self).__init__(c)
           self.b = b
   
   
   class CCC:
       def __init__(self, c):
           self.c = c
   
   
   class Test(AAA, BBB, CCC):
       def __init__(self, a, b, c):
           super(Test, self).__init__(a, b, c)
   
   
   print(Test.mro())
   test = Test(1, 2, 3)
   print(test.__dict__)
   

   运行结果

   [<class '__main__.Test'>, <class '__main__.AAA'>, <class '__main__.BBB'>, <class '__main__.CCC'>, <class 'object'>]
   {'c': 3, 'b': 2, 'a': 1}