1.项目依赖
1.1父项目依赖管理
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.5.3</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
1.2导入依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
2.配置相关
2.1修改配置
-
application.properties
-
application.yml
-
application.yaml
-
配置优先级:properties > yml > yaml
2.2获取配置
@value("$(name)")
private String name;
@Resoure
private Environment env;
env.getProperty("name");
@Component
@ConfigrurationProperties(prefix = "perso")
public class Person(){
private String name;
getter()
setter()
toString()
}
2.3profile 多环境配置
- application-dev.properties/yml
- application-test.properties/yml
- application-pro.properties/yml
- 激活配置
- 配置文件: spring.profiles.active=dev
- 虚拟机参数:-Dspring.profiles.active=dev
- 命令行参数:–spring.profiles.active=dev
2.4配置优先级
-
内部
-
file:./config/: 当前项目下的/config目录下
-
file:./ : 当前项目的根目录
-
classpath:/config/ : classpath的/config目录
-
classpath:/ : classpath的根目录
-
-
外部
-
jar包同级目录 /config/application.properties
-
jar包同级目录 application.properties
-
命令行参数
-
2.5切换内置服务器
- 排除tomcat
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
- 引入jetty
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jetty</artifactId>
</dependency>
2.6日志配置
- 依赖
<!--Slf4j日志-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-logging</artifactId>
</dependency>
- 日志级别
off > error > warning > info > debug > all //级别越高,输出信息越少
- logback-spring.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!-- 日志级别从低到高分为TRACE < DEBUG < INFO < WARN < ERROR < FATAL,如果设置为WARN,则低于WARN的信息都不会输出 -->
<!-- scan:当此属性设置为true时,配置文件如果发生改变,将会被重新加载,默认值为true -->
<!-- scanPeriod:设置监测配置文件是否有修改的时间间隔,如果没有给出时间单位,默认单位是毫秒。默认的时间间隔为1分钟。 -->
<!-- debug:当此属性设置为true时,将打印出logback内部日志信息,实时查看logback运行状态。默认值为false。 -->
<configuration scan="true" scanPeriod="10 seconds">
<contextName>logback</contextName>
<!-- name的值是变量的名称,value的值时变量定义的值。定义变量后,可以使“${}”来使用变量。 -->
<property name="logging.file.path" value="logs" />
<property name="maxHistory" value="30" />
<property name="maxFileSize" value="100MB" />
<!-- 彩色日志(IDE下载插件才可以生效) -->
<!-- 彩色日志依赖的渲染类 -->
<conversionRule conversionWord="clr" converterClass="org.springframework.boot.logging.logback.ColorConverter" />
<conversionRule conversionWord="wex" converterClass="org.springframework.boot.logging.logback.WhitespaceThrowableProxyConverter" />
<conversionRule conversionWord="wEx" converterClass="org.springframework.boot.logging.logback.ExtendedWhitespaceThrowableProxyConverter" />
<!-- 彩色日志格式 -->
<property name="CONSOLE_LOG_PATTERN" value="${CONSOLE_LOG_PATTERN:-%clr(%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS}){faint} %clr(${LOG_LEVEL_PATTERN:-%5p}) %clr(${PID:- }){magenta} %clr(---){faint} %clr([%15.15t]){faint} %clr(%-40.40logger{39}){cyan} %clr(:){faint} %m%n${LOG_EXCEPTION_CONVERSION_WORD:-%wEx}}"/>
<!--输出到控制台-->
<appender name="CONSOLE" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
<!--此日志appender是为开发使用,只配置最底级别,控制台输出的日志级别是大于或等于此级别的日志信息-->
<filter class="ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.ThresholdFilter">
<level>info</level>
</filter>
<encoder>
<Pattern>${CONSOLE_LOG_PATTERN}</Pattern>
<!-- 设置字符集 -->
<charset>UTF-8</charset>
</encoder>
</appender>
<!-- 时间滚动输出 level为 INFO 日志 -->
<appender name="INFO_FILE" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
<!-- 正在记录的日志文件的路径及文件名 -->
<!--<file>${logging.file.path}/log_info.log</file>-->
<!--日志文件输出格式-->
<encoder>
<pattern>%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %-5level %logger{50} - %msg%n</pattern>
<charset>UTF-8</charset>
</encoder>
<!-- 日志记录器的滚动策略,按日期,按大小记录 -->
<rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy">
<!-- 每天日志归档路径以及格式 -->
<fileNamePattern>${logging.file.path}/info/log-info-%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.%i.log</fileNamePattern>
<timeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeAndTimeBasedFNATP">
<maxFileSize>${maxFileSize}</maxFileSize>
</timeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy>
<!--日志文件保留天数-->
<maxHistory>${maxHistory}</maxHistory>
</rollingPolicy>
<!-- 此日志文件只记录info级别的 -->
<filter class="ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.LevelFilter">
<level>info</level>
<onMatch>ACCEPT</onMatch>
<onMismatch>DENY</onMismatch>
</filter>
</appender>
<!-- 时间滚动输出 level为 ERROR 日志 -->
<appender name="ERROR_FILE" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
<!-- 正在记录的日志文件的路径及文件名 -->
<!--<file>${logging.file.path}/log_error.log</file>-->
<!--日志文件输出格式-->
<encoder>
<pattern>%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %-5level %logger{50} - %msg%n</pattern>
<charset>UTF-8</charset> <!-- 此处设置字符集 -->
</encoder>
<!-- 日志记录器的滚动策略,按日期,按大小记录 -->
<rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy">
<fileNamePattern>${logging.file.path}/error/log-error-%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.%i.log</fileNamePattern>
<timeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeAndTimeBasedFNATP">
<maxFileSize>${maxFileSize}</maxFileSize>
</timeBasedFileNamingAndTriggeringPolicy>
<!--日志文件保留天数-->
<maxHistory>${maxHistory}</maxHistory>
</rollingPolicy>
<!-- 此日志文件只记录ERROR级别的 -->
<filter class="ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.LevelFilter">
<level>ERROR</level>
<onMatch>ACCEPT</onMatch>
<onMismatch>DENY</onMismatch>
</filter>
</appender>
<root level="info">
<appender-ref ref="CONSOLE" />
<appender-ref ref="INFO_FILE" />
<appender-ref ref="ERROR_FILE" />
</root
</configuration>
2.7 .gitignore配置
### Java template
# Compiled class file
*.class
# Log file
*.log
# BlueJ files
*.ctxt
# Mobile Tools for Java (J2ME)
.mtj.tmp/
# Package Files #
*.jar
*.war
*.nar
*.ear
*.zip
*.tar.gz
*.rar
# virtual machine crash logs, see http://www.java.com/en/download/help/error_hotspot.xml
hs_err_pid*
### Example user template template
### Example user template
# IntelliJ project files
.idea
*.iml
out
gen
*/target
*/*.iml
3.自动配置
3.1 Condition
- context:上下文对象,可以获取属性值,获取类加载器,获取BeanFactory等。
- metadata:元数据对象,获取注解属性。
public class ClassCondition implements Condition {
@Override
public boolean matches(ConditionContext context, AnnotatedTypeMetadata metadata) {
boolean flag = true;
Map<String, Object> map = metadata.getAnnotationAttributes(ConditionOnClassTest.class.getName());
System.out.println(map);
String[] value = (String[]) map.get("value");
try {
for (String className : value) {
Class<?> name = Class.forName(className);
}
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
System.out.println("==========================");
flag = false;
}
return flag;
}
}
@Target({ElementType.TYPE, ElementType.METHOD})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Conditional(ClassCondition.class)
public @interface ConditionOnClassTest {
String[] value();
}
@Bean
@ConditionOnClassTest("redis.clients.jedis.Jedis")
public User user(){
return new User();
}
- springboot提供的常用条件注解
- ConditionalOnProperty:判断配置文件中是否有对应属性和值才初始化。
- ConditionalOnClass:判断环境中是否有对应字节码文件才初始化。
- ConditionalOnMissingBean:判断环境中没有对应的Bean才初始化。
3.2 Import
加载外部包中的Bean
- ComponentScan(“包路径”)
- Import(“类.class”)
4种用法:
- 导入Bean:@Import(User.class)
- 导入配置类:@Import(UserConfig.class)
- 导入ImportSelector的实现类 (@springbootApplication 依赖这个注解)
- 导入ImportBeanDefinitionRegistrar的实现类
3.3 EnableAutoConfiguration
- 内部使用@Import(AutoConfigurationImportSeletcor.class)来加载配置类
- 配置文件位置:META-INFO/spring.factories 中的EnableAutoConfiguration对应的值
- 并不是所有的Bean都会被初始化,只有满足condition条件的才会被加载。
3.4 自定义Starter
- 创建 redis-spring-boot-autoconfigure 模块
@Configuration
@EnableConfigurationProperties(RedisProperties.class)
public class RedisAutoConfigure {
@Bean
public Jedis jedis(RedisProperties redisProperties){
System.out.println("!!!!!!!!!!!");
return new Jedis(redisProperties.getHost(),redisProperties.getPort());
}
}
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "redis")
public class RedisProperties {
private String host = "localhost";
private int port = 6379;
public String getHost() {
return host;
}
public void setHost(String host) {
this.host = host;
}
public int getPort() {
return port;
}
public void setPort(int port) {
this.port = port;
}
}
- 创建 redis-spring-boot-starter 模块,依赖 redis-spring-boot-autoconfigure
- 在 redis-spring-boot-autoconfigure模块中初始化jedis的Bean,并定义META-INF/spring.factories文件
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=\
com.example.redis.config.RedisAutoConfigure
- 在测试模块中引入redis-starter依赖,测试获取jedis的Bean,操作redis
public static void main(String[] args) {
ConfigurableApplicationContext context = SpringApplication.run(SpringBootTestApplication.class, args);
Jedis jedis = context.getBean(Jedis.class);
System.out.println(jedis);
jedis.set("name","zhangsan");
}
4.监听机制
SpringBoot的监听机制,其实是对java提供的事件监听机制的封装
- 事件 Event:继承java.util.EventObject 类的对象
- 事件源 Source:任意对象Object。
- 监听器 Listener:实现java.util.EventListener接口的对象。
SpringBoot中4个监听器
- ApplicationRunner:启动时自动监听
@Component
public class MyApplicationRunner implements ApplicationRunner {
@Override
public void run(ApplicationArguments args) throws Exception {
System.out.println("ApplicationRunner...run");
}
}
- CommandLineRunner:启动时自动监听,与ApplicationRunner基本一样
@Component
public class MyCommandLineRunner implements CommandLineRunner {
@Override
public void run(String... args) throws Exception {
System.out.println("CommandLineRunner....run");
}
}
- ApplicationContextInitializer:需要配置
@Component
public class MyApplicationContextInitializer implements ApplicationContextInitializer {
@Override
public void initialize(ConfigurableApplicationContext applicationContext) {
System.out.println("ApplicationContextInitializer.....initialize");
}
}
- SpringApplicationRunListener:需要配置
public class MySpringApplicationRunListener implements SpringApplicationRunListener {
public MySpringApplicationRunListener(SpringApplication application, String[] args) {}
@Override
public void starting(ConfigurableBootstrapContext bootstrapContext) {
System.out.println("starting.....");
}
@Override
public void environmentPrepared(ConfigurableBootstrapContext bootstrapContext, ConfigurableEnvironment environment) {
System.out.println("environmentPrepared.....");
}
@Override
public void contextPrepared(ConfigurableApplicationContext context) {
System.out.println("contextPrepared.....");
}
@Override
public void contextLoaded(ConfigurableApplicationContext context) {
System.out.println("contextPrepared.....");
}
@Override
public void started(ConfigurableApplicationContext context, Duration timeTaken) {
System.out.println("started.....");
}
@Override
public void ready(ConfigurableApplicationContext context, Duration timeTaken) {
System.out.println("ready.....");
}
@Override
public void failed(ConfigurableApplicationContext context, Throwable exception) {
System.out.println("failed.....");
}
}
- MATA-INF/spring.factories
org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextInitializer =listener.domain.MyApplicationContextInitializer
org.springframework.boot.SpringApplicationRunListener =listener.domain.MySpringApplicationRunListener
5.启动流程
5.1开始启动
- 构建一个spring应用 new SpringApplication()
- 初始化模块 initalize
- 配置source
- 配置是否为web环境
- 创建初始化构造器
- 创建应用监听器
- 配置应用主方法所在类
5.2 run方法
- 启动计时器,启动监听器
- SpringApplicationRunListener应用启动监听模块
- 监听:环境配置,应用上下文
- ConfigureableEnvironment配置环境模块
- 判断web环境
- 加载属性文件资源
- 配置监听
- Springboot的Banner
- ConfigurableApplicationContext应用上下文模块
- 创建context
- 基本属性配置
- 加载配置环境
- ResourceLoad资源加载器
- 配置监听
- 加载启动参数
- refreshcontext 更新应用上下文
- 准备环境所需的Bean工厂
- 通过工厂模式产生所需的bean
- 计时结束,项目启动
6.监控
- 依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
- 访问路径
http://localhost:8080/actuator
- 开启配置
# 开启健康检查完整信息
management.endpoint.health.show-details=always
# 暴露所有endpoint
management.endpoints.web.exposure.include=*
- 图形化的可以使用 springboot-admin依赖
7.四种传参方式
- 传统方式
http://localhost:8800/demo/user/findById?id=21&name=zhangsan
public void test(Integer id,String name){}
- 路径传参
http://localhost:8800/demo/user/findById/21/zhangsan
@GetMapping("/findById/{id}/{name}")
public void test(@PathVariable("id") Integer id,@PathVariable("name") String name){}
- 表单传参
<form action="url">
<input type= "text" name= "zhangsan"/>
public void test(String name){}
<form action="url" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
<input type="file" name="photo"/>
public void test(MultipartFile photo){}
- json传参
异步请求(url,"{"id":21,"name":"zhangsan","age":18}")
public void test(@RequestBody User user){}
8.部署
-
jar包部署(略)
-
war包部署
<packaging>war</packaging>
@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringBootActuatorApplication extends SpringBootServletInitializer {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(SpringBootActuatorApplication.class, args);
}
@Override
protected SpringApplicationBuilder configure(SpringApplicationBuilder builder) {
return builder.sources(SpringBootActuatorApplication.class);
}
}