相加

#include <iostream>       
using namespace std;

struct Node                                  //定义多项式链表的结点
{
	int coef, exp;                          // coef表示系数，exp表示指数
	Node *next;
};

class Polynomial
{
public:
  	Polynomial( );                          //构造函数
  	~Polynomial( );                         //析构函数，同单链表析构函数
   	Polynomial(const Polynomial &B);          //拷贝构造函数 
   	Polynomial operator + (Polynomial &B);   //重载运算法，多项式相加
  	void Print( );                           //打印一元多项式
private:
  	Node *first;
};

Polynomial::~Polynomial( )
{
	Node *q = nullptr;
  	while (first != nullptr)        //释放单链表的每一个结点的存储空间
  	{
    	q = first;                 //暂存被释放结点
    	first = first->next;         // first指向被释放结点的下一个结点
    	delete q;    
  	}	
}

Polynomial :: Polynomial(const Polynomial &B){
	first = B.first;
}

Polynomial :: Polynomial( )
{
	Node *r = nullptr, *s = nullptr;
	int coef, exp;
	first = new Node;                          //申请头结点
	r = first; r->next = nullptr;             //尾插法建立单链表
	cout << "请输入系数和指数：";
	cin >> coef >> exp;                      //输入第一项的系数和指数
	while (coef != 0 || exp != 0)                          //循环结束的条件是输入系数为0
	{
		s = new Node; s->coef = coef; s->exp = exp;
		r->next = s; r = s;                       //将结点s插入单链表的尾部
		cout << "请输入系数和指数：";
		cin >> coef >> exp;
	}
	r->next = nullptr;   
}

Polynomial Polynomial :: operator + (Polynomial &B)
{     
	Node *pre = first, *p = pre->next;               //工作指针pre和p初始化
	Node *qre = B.first, *q = qre->next;             //工作指针qre和q初始化
	Node *qtemp = nullptr;
	while (p != nullptr && q != nullptr)
	{
		if (p->exp < q->exp) {                     //第1种情况
			pre = p; p = p->next;
		}  
		else if (p->exp > q->exp) {                 //第2种情况
	  		qtemp = q->next;
	  		pre->next = q;                     //将结点q插入到结点p之前
	  		q->next = p;
	  		q = qtemp;
	  		pre = q;
	  		qre->next = q;
		}
		else {                             //第3种情况
	  		p->coef = p->coef + q->coef;         
		  	if (p->coef == 0) {                //系数相加为0，则删除结点p
		    	pre->next = p->next;           
	    		delete p;
	    		p = pre->next;
			}
			else {                          //系数不为0
	  			pre = p; p = p->next;
			}  
			qre->next = q->next;             //第3种情况都要删除结点q
			delete q;
			q = qre->next;
		}
	}
	if (p == nullptr) pre->next = q;          //将结点q链接在第一个单链表的后面
	B.first->next = nullptr;
	return *this; 
}
	
void Polynomial :: Print( )
{
	Node *p = first->next;
	if (p != nullptr)                             /*输出第一项*/
		cout << p->coef << "x" << p->exp;
	p = p->next;
	while (p != nullptr)
	{
		if (p->coef > 0)                           /*输出系数的正号或负号*/
			cout << " + " << p->coef << "x" << p->exp;
		else
		  cout << p->coef << "x" << p->exp;
		p = p->next;
	}
	cout << endl;
}

int main( )
{
	Polynomial A{ };
	A.Print( );
	Polynomial B{ };                       //定义多项式A和B
	B.Print( );
	Polynomial C = A + B;
	printf("结果是：");
	C.Print( );                            //输出相加结果
	return 0;             
}