原型模式

简介

原型模式是创建型设计模式的一种。用于创建重复对象，当通过new创建对象较为复杂时可以通过原型模式简化对象创建过程，提高效率。在java中原型模式通过实现一个接口cloneable即可实现

实现

// 实体类：实现Cloneable,从写clone方法
public class Person implements Serializable, Cloneable {
    private String name;
    private int age;

    public Person(String name, int age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        return super.clone();
    }
}

// 测试类
public class ProtoTypeTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        Person person = new Person("zhangsan", 18);
        Person person1 = (Person) person.clone();
        System.out.println(person.hashCode());
        System.out.println(person1.hashCode());
    }
}

浅克隆和深克隆

对于类的成员变量是基本数据类型和字符串类型，浅拷贝会直接进行一个值传递。对于类的成员变量是一个引用类型，浅拷贝只是会进行引用传递，克隆后的对象，其引用类型与原数据的引用类型指向的是同一个地址，此时当其中一个改变引用类型的数据时，会影响另一个对象进行相应的改变

1.代码展示

public class Person implements Serializable, Cloneable {
    private String name;
    private int age;
    private Address address;

    public Person(String name, int age, Address address) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        this.address = address;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public Address getAddress() {
        return address;
    }

    public void setAddress(Address address) {
        this.address = address;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Person{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                ", address=" + address +
                '}';
    }

    @Override
    public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        return super.clone();
    }
}

public class Address {
    private String country;
    private int num;

    public Address(String country, int num) {
        this.country = country;
        this.num = num;
    }

    public String getCountry() {
        return country;
    }

    public void setCountry(String country) {
        this.country = country;
    }

    public int getNum() {
        return num;
    }

    public void setNum(int num) {
        this.num = num;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Address{" +
                "country='" + country + '\'' +
                ", num=" + num +
                '}';
    }
}

public class ProtoTypeTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        Person person = new Person("zhangsan", 18, new Address("china", 1));
        Person person1 = (Person) person.clone();

        System.out.println(person.getAddress()  + " " + person.getAddress().hashCode());
        System.out.println(person1.getAddress() + " " + person1.getAddress().hashCode());
        // 输出：Address{country='china', num=1} 356573597
        //      Address{country='china', num=1} 356573597
        person.getAddress().setCountry("us");
        System.out.println(person.getAddress()  + " " + person.getAddress().hashCode());
        System.out.println(person1.getAddress() + " " + person1.getAddress().hashCode());
        // 输出：Address{country='us', num=1} 356573597
        //      Address{country='us', num=1} 356573597
    }
}

可以看到，person里面有引用成员变量Address，当对person对象进行拷贝时，两个对象的address指的是同一个对象，当修改其中一个的属性值，另一个对象也跟着一起改变

深拷贝实现方式1：重写克隆方法实现

public class Person implements Serializable, Cloneable {
    private String name;
    private int age;
    private Address address;

    public Person(String name, int age, Address address) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        this.address = address;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public Address getAddress() {
        return address;
    }

    public void setAddress(Address address) {
        this.address = address;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Person{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                ", address=" + address +
                '}';
    }

    @Override
    public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        Person person = (Person)super.clone();
        // 引用成员变量也通过重写来实现
        person.setAddress((Address)address.clone());
        return person;
    }
}

public class Address implements Cloneable{
    private String country;
    private int num;

    public Address(String country, int num) {
        this.country = country;
        this.num = num;
    }

    public String getCountry() {
        return country;
    }

    public void setCountry(String country) {
        this.country = country;
    }

    public int getNum() {
        return num;
    }

    public void setNum(int num) {
        this.num = num;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Address{" +
                "country='" + country + '\'' +
                ", num=" + num +
                '}';
    }

    @Override
    protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        return super.clone();
    }
}

该实现存在的问题：对于每个引用成员变量，其对应的类必须实现Cloneable接口，重写clone方法，如果该类中也存在引用成员变量也要进行相同处理。

深拷贝实现2：通过序列化和反序列化实现

public class Person implements Serializable{
    private String name;
    private int age;
    private Address address;

    public Person(String name, int age, Address address) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
        this.address = address;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public Address getAddress() {
        return address;
    }

    public void setAddress(Address address) {
        this.address = address;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Person{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                ", address=" + address +
                '}';
    }

    public Object deepClone(){
        Object person = null;
        try {
            // 序列化
            ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
            ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(bos);
            oos.writeObject(this);

            // 反序列化
            ByteArrayInputStream bis = new ByteArrayInputStream(bos.toByteArray());
            ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(bis);
            person = ois.readObject();

            // 释放资源
            ois.close();
            oos.close();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.getMessage();
        }
        return person;
    }
}

public class Address implements Serializable {
    private String country;
    private int num;

    public Address(String country, int num) {
        this.country = country;
        this.num = num;
    }

    public String getCountry() {
        return country;
    }

    public void setCountry(String country) {
        this.country = country;
    }

    public int getNum() {
        return num;
    }

    public void setNum(int num) {
        this.num = num;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Address{" +
                "country='" + country + '\'' +
                ", num=" + num +
                '}';
    }
}

该方法必须实现Serializable接口