Win10环境下JDK8、maven下载安装以及环境变量配置

1、安装JDK8

1.JDK8下载地址：

链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1gUG-8ElDPt4C7lm6QWxRhQ
提取码：hutp

双击上面的exe，一步步安装即可
2、jdk，jre

JRE： Java Runtime Environment
JDK：Java Development Kit

• JRE顾名思义是java运行时环境，包含了java虚拟机，java基础类库。是使用java语言编写的程序运行所需要的软件环境，是提供给想运行java程序的用户使用的。
• JDK顾名思义是java开发工具包，是程序员使用java语言编写java程序所需的开发工具包，是提供给程序员使用的。JDK包含了JRE，同时还包含了编译java源码的编译器javac，还包含了很多java程序调试和分析的工具：jconsole，jvisualvm等工具软件，还包含了java程序编写所需的文档和demo例子程序。

上面安装包是包含jre的。在安装的过程中，会弹出二次确认框，确认jre安装目录。建议不要随意改动。

确保jdk,jre都在相同的大目录Java下。

3、配置环境变量

1、新建 系统变量JAVA_HOME，值为jdk安装目录

2、编辑 系统变量的Path项，增加%JAVA_HOME%\bin

4、验证是否安装成功

• 然后在cmd中输入java -version和javac -version查看配置正确与否

ok！安装成功

2、安装maven

maven相关概述

2.1 官方下载地址

2.2 解压maven安装程序

2.3 配置Maven环境变量
如jdk一样：
新增变量

• 变量名：MAVEN_HOME
• 变量值：apache-maven-xxx所在路径

编辑系统变量的Path项，增加%MAVEN_HOME%\bin

2.4 验证是否安装成功
在cmd中输入mvn -v

安装成功

2.5 修改Maven仓库地址

• 关于Maven仓库的介绍

1、修改远程中央仓库

• 我们用Maven的时候，因为Maven自带的远程中央仓库在国外，所以经常会很慢。我们可以把远程中央仓库改为国内阿里、华为的远程仓库。找到你的Maven安装位置，打开conf目录下的setting.xml
  
• 将原文件红色方框内添加以下内容：

 <!-- mirror
       阿里的库
     -->
   <mirror>
     <id>nexus-aliyun</id>
     <mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf>
     <name>Nexus aliyun</name>
     <url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public</url>
   </mirror>
     <!-- mirror
        华为的库
      -->
 <mirror>
     <id>huaweicloud</id>
     <mirrorOf>*</mirrorOf>
     <url>https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/repository/maven/</url>
 </mirror>
   

• 总的配置文件如下，不想找添加之处，可直接将原配置文件更换为以下内容

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<!--
Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
distributed with this work for additional information
regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
"License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at

    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
software distributed under the License is distributed on an
"AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
specific language governing permissions and limitations
under the License.
-->

<!--
 | This is the configuration file for Maven. It can be specified at two levels:
 |
 |  1. User Level. This settings.xml file provides configuration for a single user,
 |                 and is normally provided in ${user.home}/.m2/settings.xml.
 |
 |                 NOTE: This location can be overridden with the CLI option:
 |
 |                 -s /path/to/user/settings.xml
 |
 |  2. Global Level. This settings.xml file provides configuration for all Maven
 |                 users on a machine (assuming they're all using the same Maven
 |                 installation). It's normally provided in
 |                 ${maven.conf}/settings.xml.
 |
 |                 NOTE: This location can be overridden with the CLI option:
 |
 |                 -gs /path/to/global/settings.xml
 |
 | The sections in this sample file are intended to give you a running start at
 | getting the most out of your Maven installation. Where appropriate, the default
 | values (values used when the setting is not specified) are provided.
 |
 |-->
<settings xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0"
          xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
          xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/settings-1.0.0.xsd">
  <!-- localRepository
   | The path to the local repository maven will use to store artifacts.
   |
   | Default: ${user.home}/.m2/repository
  <localRepository>/path/to/local/repo</localRepository>
  -->

  <!-- interactiveMode
   | This will determine whether maven prompts you when it needs input. If set to false,
   | maven will use a sensible default value, perhaps based on some other setting, for
   | the parameter in question.
   |
   | Default: true
  <interactiveMode>true</interactiveMode>
  -->

  <!-- offline
   | Determines whether maven should attempt to connect to the network when executing a build.
   | This will have an effect on artifact downloads, artifact deployment, and others.
   |
   | Default: false
  <offline>false</offline>
  -->

  <!-- pluginGroups
   | This is a list of additional group identifiers that will be searched when resolving plugins by their prefix, i.e.
   | when invoking a command line like "mvn prefix:goal". Maven will automatically add the group identifiers
   | "org.apache.maven.plugins" and "org.codehaus.mojo" if these are not already contained in the list.
   |-->
  <pluginGroups>
    <!-- pluginGroup
     | Specifies a further group identifier to use for plugin lookup.
    <pluginGroup>com.your.plugins</pluginGroup>
    -->
  </pluginGroups>

  <!-- proxies
   | This is a list of proxies which can be used on this machine to connect to the network.
   | Unless otherwise specified (by system property or command-line switch), the first proxy
   | specification in this list marked as active will be used.
   |-->
  <proxies>
    <!-- proxy
     | Specification for one proxy, to be used in connecting to the network.
     |
    <proxy>
      <id>optional</id>
      <active>true</active>
      <protocol>http</protocol>
      <username>proxyuser</username>
      <password>proxypass</password>
      <host>proxy.host.net</host>
      <port>80</port>
      <nonProxyHosts>local.net|some.host.com</nonProxyHosts>
    </proxy>
    -->
  </proxies>

  <!-- servers
   | This is a list of authentication profiles, keyed by the server-id used within the system.
   | Authentication profiles can be used whenever maven must make a connection to a remote server.
   |-->
  <servers>
    <!-- server
     | Specifies the authentication information to use when connecting to a particular server, identified by
     | a unique name within the system (referred to by the 'id' attribute below).
     |
     | NOTE: You should either specify username/password OR privateKey/passphrase, since these pairings are
     |       used together.
     |
    <server>
      <id>deploymentRepo</id>
      <username>repouser</username>
      <password>repopwd</password>
    </server>
    -->


    <server>
    <id>huaweicloud</id>
    <username>anonymous</username>
    <password>devcloud</password>
    </server>
    <!-- Another sample, using keys to authenticate.
    <server>
      <id>siteServer</id>
      <privateKey>/path/to/private/key</privateKey>
      <passphrase>optional; leave empty if not used.</passphrase>
    </server>
    -->
  </servers>

  <!-- mirrors
   | This is a list of mirrors to be used in downloading artifacts from remote repositories.
   |
   | It works like this: a POM may declare a repository to use in resolving certain artifacts.
   | However, this repository may have problems with heavy traffic at times, so people have mirrored
   | it to several places.
   |
   | That repository definition will have a unique id, so we can create a mirror reference for that
   | repository, to be used as an alternate download site. The mirror site will be the preferred
   | server for that repository.
   |-->
    <mirrors>
    <!-- mirror
       阿里的库
     -->
   <mirror>
     <id>nexus-aliyun</id>
     <mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf>
     <name>Nexus aliyun</name>
     <url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public</url>
   </mirror>
     <!-- mirror
        华为的库
      -->
 <mirror>
     <id>huaweicloud</id>
     <mirrorOf>*</mirrorOf>
     <url>https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/repository/maven/</url>
 </mirror>
    <!-- mirror
     | Specifies a repository mirror site to use instead of a given repository. The repository that
     | this mirror serves has an ID that matches the mirrorOf element of this mirror. IDs are used
     | for inheritance and direct lookup purposes, and must be unique across the set of mirrors.
     |
    <mirror>
      <id>mirrorId</id>
      <mirrorOf>repositoryId</mirrorOf>
      <name>Human Readable Name for this Mirror.</name>
      <url>http://my.repository.com/repo/path</url>
    </mirror>
     -->
  </mirrors>

  <!-- profiles
   | This is a list of profiles which can be activated in a variety of ways, and which can modify
   | the build process. Profiles provided in the settings.xml are intended to provide local machine-
   | specific paths and repository locations which allow the build to work in the local environment.
   |
   | For example, if you have an integration testing plugin - like cactus - that needs to know where
   | your Tomcat instance is installed, you can provide a variable here such that the variable is
   | dereferenced during the build process to configure the cactus plugin.
   |
   | As noted above, profiles can be activated in a variety of ways. One way - the activeProfiles
   | section of this document (settings.xml) - will be discussed later. Another way essentially
   | relies on the detection of a system property, either matching a particular value for the property,
   | or merely testing its existence. Profiles can also be activated by JDK version prefix, where a
   | value of '1.4' might activate a profile when the build is executed on a JDK version of '1.4.2_07'.
   | Finally, the list of active profiles can be specified directly from the command line.
   |
   | NOTE: For profiles defined in the settings.xml, you are restricted to specifying only artifact
   |       repositories, plugin repositories, and free-form properties to be used as configuration
   |       variables for plugins in the POM.
   |
   |-->
  <profiles>
    <!-- profile
     | Specifies a set of introductions to the build process, to be activated using one or more of the
     | mechanisms described above. For inheritance purposes, and to activate profiles via <activatedProfiles/>
     | or the command line, profiles have to have an ID that is unique.
     |
     | An encouraged best practice for profile identification is to use a consistent naming convention
     | for profiles, such as 'env-dev', 'env-test', 'env-production', 'user-jdcasey', 'user-brett', etc.
     | This will make it more intuitive to understand what the set of introduced profiles is attempting
     | to accomplish, particularly when you only have a list of profile id's for debug.
     |
     | This profile example uses the JDK version to trigger activation, and provides a JDK-specific repo.
    <profile>
      <id>jdk-1.4</id>

      <activation>
        <jdk>1.4</jdk>
      </activation>

      <repositories>
        <repository>
          <id>jdk14</id>
          <name>Repository for JDK 1.4 builds</name>
          <url>http://www.myhost.com/maven/jdk14</url>
          <layout>default</layout>
          <snapshotPolicy>always</snapshotPolicy>
        </repository>
      </repositories>
    </profile>
    -->

    <!--
     | Here is another profile, activated by the system property 'target-env' with a value of 'dev',
     | which provides a specific path to the Tomcat instance. To use this, your plugin configuration
     | might hypothetically look like:
     |
     | ...
     | <plugin>
     |   <groupId>org.myco.myplugins</groupId>
     |   <artifactId>myplugin</artifactId>
     |
     |   <configuration>
     |     <tomcatLocation>${tomcatPath}</tomcatLocation>
     |   </configuration>
     | </plugin>
     | ...
     |
     | NOTE: If you just wanted to inject this configuration whenever someone set 'target-env' to
     |       anything, you could just leave off the <value/> inside the activation-property.
     |
    <profile>
      <id>env-dev</id>

      <activation>
        <property>
          <name>target-env</name>
          <value>dev</value>
        </property>
      </activation>

      <properties>
        <tomcatPath>/path/to/tomcat/instance</tomcatPath>
      </properties>
    </profile>
    -->
  </profiles>

  <!-- activeProfiles
   | List of profiles that are active for all builds.
   |
  <activeProfiles>
    <activeProfile>alwaysActiveProfile</activeProfile>
    <activeProfile>anotherAlwaysActiveProfile</activeProfile>
  </activeProfiles>
  -->
</settings>

2、修改本地仓库位置（如果不想修改本地仓库位置则这一步骤可省略）

• Maven会将下载的类库（jar包）放置到本地的一个目录下（一般默认情况下Maven在本机的仓库位于C:\Users\你的电脑用户账号.m2\repository）。
• 要修改默认位置，在 %M2_HOME%\conf 目录中的 Maven 的 settings.xml 文件中定义另一个路径。
• 比如你想将本地仓库放到你安装Maven位置，首先创建你要作为本地仓库的文件夹，我所创建文件夹的路径为D:\MAVEN\apache-maven-3.3.9\repository，然后在setting.xml里找到下图所示
  
  在红方框代码下加上一行代码：

<localRepository>D:\MAVEN\apache-maven-3.3.9\repository</localRepository>

3、检测以上关于仓库地修改是否成功

打开控制台，输入命令mvn help:system

• 下图代表远程远程仓库修改成功

• 然后打开本地仓库，出现下载文件，即本地仓库位置修改成功