数据库——查询

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最新推荐文章于 2022-11-16 13:57:16 发布

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文章标签：数据库 mysql java sql

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_45683851/article/details/104173219

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数据库——查询

一、DQL

Data Query Language：数据查询语言

所有的查询操作都用它 Select
简单的查询，复杂的查询它都能做
数据库中最核心的语言，最重要的语句
使用频率最高的语句

SELECT语法

图1414============= 每种语句的位置很重要。

注意：[]括号代表可填，{}括号代表必填。

二、查询指定字段

给好的数据库

/*
SQLyog Ultimate v12.08 (64 bit)
MySQL - 5.7.19 : Database - school
*********************************************************************
*/


/*!40101 SET NAMES utf8 */;

/*!40101 SET SQL_MODE=''*/;

/*!40014 SET @OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS=@@UNIQUE_CHECKS, UNIQUE_CHECKS=0 */;
/*!40014 SET @OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS, FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0 */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE, SQL_MODE='NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO' */;
/*!40111 SET @OLD_SQL_NOTES=@@SQL_NOTES, SQL_NOTES=0 */;
CREATE DATABASE /*!32312 IF NOT EXISTS*/`school` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 */;

USE `school`;

/*Table structure for table `grade` */

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `grade`;

CREATE TABLE `grade` (
  `GradeID` INT(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '年级编号',
  `GradeName` VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL COMMENT '年级名称',
  PRIMARY KEY (`GradeID`)
) ENGINE=INNODB AUTO_INCREMENT=6 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

/*Data for the table `grade` */

INSERT  INTO `grade`(`GradeID`,`GradeName`) VALUES (1,'大一'),(2,'大二'),(3,'大三'),(4,'大四'),(5,'预科班');

/*Table structure for table `result` */

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `result`;

CREATE TABLE `result` (
  `StudentNo` INT(4) NOT NULL COMMENT '学号',
  `SubjectNo` INT(4) NOT NULL COMMENT '课程编号',
  `ExamDate` DATETIME NOT NULL COMMENT '考试日期',
  `StudentResult` INT(4) NOT NULL COMMENT '考试成绩',
  KEY `SubjectNo` (`SubjectNo`)
) ENGINE=INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

/*Data for the table `result` */

INSERT  INTO `result`(`StudentNo`,`SubjectNo`,`ExamDate`,`StudentResult`) VALUES (1000,1,'2013-11-11 16:00:00',94),(1000,2,'2012-11-10 10:00:00',75),(1000,3,'2011-12-19 10:00:00',76),(1000,4,'2010-11-18 11:00:00',93),(1000,5,'2013-11-11 14:00:00',97),(1000,6,'2012-09-13 15:00:00',87),(1000,7,'2011-10-16 16:00:00',79),(1000,8,'2010-11-11 16:00:00',74),(1000,9,'2013-11-21 10:00:00',69),(1000,10,'2012-11-11 12:00:00',78),(1000,11,'2011-11-11 14:00:00',66),(1000,12,'2010-11-11 15:00:00',82),(1000,13,'2013-11-11 14:00:00',94),(1000,14,'2012-11-11 15:00:00',98),(1000,15,'2011-12-11 10:00:00',70),(1000,16,'2010-09-11 10:00:00',74),(1001,1,'2013-11-11 16:00:00',76),(1001,2,'2012-11-10 10:00:00',93),(1001,3,'2011-12-19 10:00:00',65),(1001,4,'2010-11-18 11:00:00',71),(1001,5,'2013-11-11 14:00:00',98),(1001,6,'2012-09-13 15:00:00',74),(1001,7,'2011-10-16 16:00:00',85),(1001,8,'2010-11-11 16:00:00',69),(1001,9,'2013-11-21 10:00:00',63),(1001,10,'2012-11-11 12:00:00',70),(1001,11,'2011-11-11 14:00:00',62),(1001,12,'2010-11-11 15:00:00',90),(1001,13,'2013-11-11 14:00:00',97),(1001,14,'2012-11-11 15:00:00',89),(1001,15,'2011-12-11 10:00:00',72),(1001,16,'2010-09-11 10:00:00',90),(1002,1,'2013-11-11 16:00:00',61),(1002,2,'2012-11-10 10:00:00',80),(1002,3,'2011-12-19 10:00:00',89),(1002,4,'2010-11-18 11:00:00',88),(1002,5,'2013-11-11 14:00:00',82),(1002,6,'2012-09-13 15:00:00',91),(1002,7,'2011-10-16 16:00:00',63),(1002,8,'2010-11-11 16:00:00',84),(1002,9,'2013-11-21 10:00:00',60),(1002,10,'2012-11-11 12:00:00',71),(1002,11,'2011-11-11 14:00:00',93),(1002,12,'2010-11-11 15:00:00',96),(1002,13,'2013-11-11 14:00:00',83),(1002,14,'2012-11-11 15:00:00',69),(1002,15,'2011-12-11 10:00:00',89),(1002,16,'2010-09-11 10:00:00',83),(1003,1,'2013-11-11 16:00:00',91),(1003,2,'2012-11-10 10:00:00',75),(1003,3,'2011-12-19 10:00:00',65),(1003,4,'2010-11-18 11:00:00',63),(1003,5,'2013-11-11 14:00:00',90),(1003,6,'2012-09-13 15:00:00',96),(1003,7,'2011-10-16 16:00:00',97),(1003,8,'2010-11-11 16:00:00',77),(1003,9,'2013-11-21 10:00:00',62),(1003,10,'2012-11-11 12:00:00',81),(1003,11,'2011-11-11 14:00:00',76),(1003,12,'2010-11-11 15:00:00',61),(1003,13,'2013-11-11 14:00:00',93),(1003,14,'2012-11-11 15:00:00',79),(1003,15,'2011-12-11 10:00:00',78),(1003,16,'2010-09-11 10:00:00',96),(1004,1,'2013-11-11 16:00:00',84),(1004,2,'2012-11-10 10:00:00',79),(1004,3,'2011-12-19 10:00:00',76),(1004,4,'2010-11-18 11:00:00',78),(1004,5,'2013-11-11 14:00:00',81),(1004,6,'2012-09-13 15:00:00',90),(1004,7,'2011-10-16 16:00:00',63),(1004,8,'2010-11-11 16:00:00',89),(1004,9,'2013-11-21 10:00:00',67),(1004,10,'2012-11-11 12:00:00',100),(1004,11,'2011-11-11 14:00:00',94),(1004,12,'2010-11-11 15:00:00',65),(1004,13,'2013-11-11 14:00:00',86),(1004,14,'2012-11-11 15:00:00',77),(1004,15,'2011-12-11 10:00:00',82),(1004,16,'2010-09-11 10:00:00',87),(1005,1,'2013-11-11 16:00:00',82),(1005,2,'2012-11-10 10:00:00',92),(1005,3,'2011-12-19 10:00:00',80),(1005,4,'2010-11-18 11:00:00',92),(1005,5,'2013-11-11 14:00:00',97),(1005,6,'2012-09-13 15:00:00',72),(1005,7,'2011-10-16 16:00:00',84),(1005,8,'2010-11-11 16:00:00',79),(1005,9,'2013-11-21 10:00:00',76),(1005,10,'2012-11-11 12:00:00',87),(1005,11,'2011-11-11 14:00:00',65),(1005,12,'2010-11-11 15:00:00',67),(1005,13,'2013-11-11 14:00:00',63),(1005,14,'2012-11-11 15:00:00',64),(1005,15,'2011-12-11 10:00:00',99),(1005,16,'2010-09-11 10:00:00',97),(1006,1,'2013-11-11 16:00:00',82),(1006,2,'2012-11-10 10:00:00',73),(1006,3,'2011-12-19 10:00:00',79),(1006,4,'2010-11-18 11:00:00',63),(1006,5,'2013-11-11 14:00:00',97),(1006,6,'2012-09-13 15:00:00',83),(1006,7,'2011-10-16 16:00:00',78),(1006,8,'2010-11-11 16:00:00',88),(1006,9,'2013-11-21 10:00:00',89),(1006,10,'2012-11-11 12:00:00',82),(1006,11,'2011-11-11 14:00:00',70),(1006,12,'2010-11-11 15:00:00',69),(1006,13,'2013-11-11 14:00:00',64),(1006,14,'2012-11-11 15:00:00',80),(1006,15,'2011-12-11 10:00:00',90),(1006,16,'2010-09-11 10:00:00',85),(1007,1,'2013-11-11 16:00:00',87),(1007,2,'2012-11-10 10:00:00',63),(1007,3,'2011-12-19 10:00:00',70),(1007,4,'2010-11-18 11:00:00',74),(1007,5,'2013-11-11 14:00:00',79),(1007,6,'2012-09-13 15:00:00',83),(1007,7,'2011-10-16 16:00:00',86),(1007,8,'2010-11-11 16:00:00',76),(1007,9,'2013-11-21 10:00:00',65),(1007,10,'2012-11-11 12:00:00',87),(1007,11,'2011-11-11 14:00:00',69),(1007,12,'2010-11-11 15:00:00',69),(1007,13,'2013-11-11 14:00:00',90),(1007,14,'2012-11-11 15:00:00',84),(1007,15,'2011-12-11 10:00:00',95),(1007,16,'2010-09-11 10:00:00',92),(1008,1,'2013-11-11 16:00:00',96),(1008,2,'2012-11-10 10:00:00',62),(1008,3,'2011-12-19 10:00:00',97),(1008,4,'2010-11-18 11:00:00',84),(1008,5,'2013-11-11 14:00:00',86),(1008,6,'2012-09-13 15:00:00',72),(1008,7,'2011-10-16 16:00:00',67),(1008,8,'2010-11-11 16:00:00',83),(1008,9,'2013-11-21 10:00:00',86),(1008,10,'2012-11-11 12:00:00',60),(1008,11,'2011-11-11 14:00:00',61),(1008,12,'2010-11-11 15:00:00',68),(1008,13,'2013-11-11 14:00:00',99),(1008,14,'2012-11-11 15:00:00',77),(1008,15,'2011-12-11 10:00:00',73),(1008,16,'2010-09-11 10:00:00',78),(1009,1,'2013-11-11 16:00:00',67),(1009,2,'2012-11-10 10:00:00',70),(1009,3,'2011-12-19 10:00:00',75),(1009,4,'2010-11-18 11:00:00',92),(1009,5,'2013-11-11 14:00:00',76),(1009,6,'2012-09-13 15:00:00',90),(1009,7,'2011-10-16 16:00:00',62),(1009,8,'2010-11-11 16:00:00',68),(1009,9,'2013-11-21 10:00:00',70),(1009,10,'2012-11-11 12:00:00',83),(1009,11,'2011-11-11 14:00:00',88),(1009,12,'2010-11-11 15:00:00',65),(1009,13,'2013-11-11 14:00:00',91),(1009,14,'2012-11-11 15:00:00',99),(1009,15,'2011-12-11 10:00:00',65),(1009,16,'2010-09-11 10:00:00',83),(1010,1,'2013-11-11 16:00:00',83),(1010,2,'2012-11-10 10:00:00',87),(1010,3,'2011-12-19 10:00:00',89),(1010,4,'2010-11-18 11:00:00',99),(1010,5,'2013-11-11 14:00:00',91),(1010,6,'2012-09-13 15:00:00',96),(1010,7,'2011-10-16 16:00:00',72),(1010,8,'2010-11-11 16:00:00',72),(1010,9,'2013-11-21 10:00:00',98),(1010,10,'2012-11-11 12:00:00',73),(1010,11,'2011-11-11 14:00:00',68),(1010,12,'2010-11-11 15:00:00',62),(1010,13,'2013-11-11 14:00:00',67),(1010,14,'2012-11-11 15:00:00',69),(1010,15,'2011-12-11 10:00:00',71),(1010,16,'2010-09-11 10:00:00',66),(1011,1,'2013-11-11 16:00:00',62),(1011,2,'2012-11-10 10:00:00',72),(1011,3,'2011-12-19 10:00:00',96),(1011,4,'2010-11-18 11:00:00',64),(1011,5,'2013-11-11 14:00:00',89),(1011,6,'2012-09-13 15:00:00',91),(1011,7,'2011-10-16 16:00:00',95),(1011,8,'2010-11-11 16:00:00',96),(1011,9,'2013-11-21 10:00:00',89),(1011,10,'2012-11-11 12:00:00',73),(1011,11,'2011-11-11 14:00:00',82),(1011,12,'2010-11-11 15:00:00',98),(1011,13,'2013-11-11 14:00:00',66),(1011,14,'2012-11-11 15:00:00',69),(1011,15,'2011-12-11 10:00:00',91),(1011,16,'2010-09-11 10:00:00',69),(1012,1,'2013-11-11 16:00:00',86),(1012,2,'2012-11-10 10:00:00',66),(1012,3,'2011-12-19 10:00:00',97),(1012,4,'2010-11-18 11:00:00',69),(1012,5,'2013-11-11 14:00:00',70),(1012,6,'2012-09-13 15:00:00',74),(1012,7,'2011-10-16 16:00:00',91),(1012,8,'2010-11-11 16:00:00',97),(1012,9,'2013-11-21 10:00:00',84),(1012,10,'2012-11-11 12:00:00',82),(1012,11,'2011-11-11 14:00:00',90),(1012,12,'2010-11-11 15:00:00',91),(1012,13,'2013-11-11 14:00:00',91),(1012,14,'2012-11-11 15:00:00',97),(1012,15,'2011-12-11 10:00:00',85),(1012,16,'2010-09-11 10:00:00',90),(1013,1,'2013-11-11 16:00:00',73),(1013,2,'2012-11-10 10:00:00',69),(1013,3,'2011-12-19 10:00:00',91),(1013,4,'2010-11-18 11:00:00',72),(1013,5,'2013-11-11 14:00:00',76),(1013,6,'2012-09-13 15:00:00',87),(1013,7,'2011-10-16 16:00:00',61),(1013,8,'2010-11-11 16:00:00',77),(1013,9,'2013-11-21 10:00:00',83),(1013,10,'2012-11-11 12:00:00',99),(1013,11,'2011-11-11 14:00:00',91),(1013,12,'2010-11-11 15:00:00',84),(1013,13,'2013-11-11 14:00:00',98),(1013,14,'2012-11-11 15:00:00',74),(1013,15,'2011-12-11 10:00:00',92),(1013,16,'2010-09-11 10:00:00',90),(1014,1,'2013-11-11 16:00:00',64),(1014,2,'2012-11-10 10:00:00',81),(1014,3,'2011-12-19 10:00:00',79),(1014,4,'2010-11-18 11:00:00',74),(1014,5,'2013-11-11 14:00:00',65),(1014,6,'2012-09-13 15:00:00',88),(1014,7,'2011-10-16 16:00:00',86),(1014,8,'2010-11-11 16:00:00',77),(1014,9,'2013-11-21 10:00:00',86),(1014,10,'2012-11-11 12:00:00',85),(1014,11,'2011-11-11 14:00:00',86),(1014,12,'2010-11-11 15:00:00',75),(1014,13,'2013-11-11 14:00:00',89),(1014,14,'2012-11-11 15:00:00',79),(1014,15,'2011-12-11 10:00:00',73),(1014,16,'2010-09-11 10:00:00',68),(1015,1,'2013-11-11 16:00:00',99),(1015,2,'2012-11-10 10:00:00',60),(1015,3,'2011-12-19 10:00:00',60),(1015,4,'2010-11-18 11:00:00',75),(1015,5,'2013-11-11 14:00:00',78),(1015,6,'2012-09-13 15:00:00',78),(1015,7,'2011-10-16 16:00:00',84),(1015,8,'2010-11-11 16:00:00',95),(1015,9,'2013-11-21 10:00:00',93),(1015,10,'2012-11-11 12:00:00',79),(1015,11,'2011-11-11 14:00:00',74),(1015,12,'2010-11-11 15:00:00',65),(1015,13,'2013-11-11 14:00:00',63),(1015,14,'2012-11-11 15:00:00',74),(1015,15,'2011-12-11 10:00:00',67),(1015,16,'2010-09-11 10:00:00',65),(1016,1,'2013-11-11 16:00:00',97),(1016,2,'2012-11-10 10:00:00',90),(1016,3,'2011-12-19 10:00:00',77),(1016,4,'2010-11-18 11:00:00',75),(1016,5,'2013-11-11 14:00:00',75),(1016,6,'2012-09-13 15:00:00',97),(1016,7,'2011-10-16 16:00:00',96),(1016,8,'2010-11-11 16:00:00',92),(1016,9,'2013-11-21 10:00:00',62),(1016,10,'2012-11-11 12:00:00',83),(1016,11,'2011-11-11 14:00:00',98),(1016,12,'2010-11-11 15:00:00',94),(1016,13,'2013-11-11 14:00:00',62),(1016,14,'2012-11-11 15:00:00',97),(1016,15,'2011-12-11 10:00:00',76),(1016,16,'2010-09-11 10:00:00',82),(1017,1,'2013-11-11 16:00:00',100),(1017,2,'2012-11-10 10:00:00',88),(1017,3,'2011-12-19 10:00:00',86),(1017,4,'2010-11-18 11:00:00',73),(1017,5,'2013-11-11 14:00:00',96),(1017,6,'2012-09-13 15:00:00',64),(1017,7,'2011-10-16 16:00:00',81),(1017,8,'2010-11-11 16:00:00',66),(1017,9,'2013-11-21 10:00:00',76),(1017,10,'2012-11-11 12:00:00',95),(1017,11,'2011-11-11 14:00:00',73),(1017,12,'2010-11-11 15:00:00',82),(1017,13,'2013-11-11 14:00:00',85),(1017,14,'2012-11-11 15:00:00',68),(1017,15,'2011-12-11 10:00:00',99),(1017,16,'2010-09-11 10:00:00',76);

/*Table structure for table `student` */

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `student`;

CREATE TABLE `student` (
  `StudentNo` INT(4) NOT NULL COMMENT '学号',
  `LoginPwd` VARCHAR(20) DEFAULT NULL,
  `StudentName` VARCHAR(20) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '学生姓名',
  `Sex` TINYINT(1) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '性别，取值0或1',
  `GradeId` INT(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '年级编号',
  `Phone` VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL COMMENT '联系电话，允许为空，即可选输入',
  `Address` VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL COMMENT '地址，允许为空，即可选输入',
  `BornDate` DATETIME DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '出生时间',
  `Email` VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL COMMENT '邮箱账号，允许为空，即可选输入',
  `IdentityCard` VARCHAR(18) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '身份证号',
  PRIMARY KEY (`StudentNo`),
  UNIQUE KEY `IdentityCard` (`IdentityCard`),
  KEY `Email` (`Email`)
) ENGINE=MYISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

/*Data for the table `student` */

INSERT  INTO `student`(`StudentNo`,`LoginPwd`,`StudentName`,`Sex`,`GradeId`,`Phone`,`Address`,`BornDate`,`Email`,`IdentityCard`) VALUES (1000,'111111','周丹',1,1,'13500000001','北京海淀区中关村大街1号','1986-12-11 00:00:00','test1@qq.com','450323198612111234'),(1001,'123456','周颖',1,2,'13500000002','河南洛阳','1981-12-31 00:00:00','test1@qq.com','450323198112311234'),(1002,'111111','杨文瑞',1,1,'13500000003','天津市和平区','1986-11-30 00:00:00','test1@qq.com','450323198611301234'),(1003,'123456','韩萌',1,3,'13500000004','上海卢湾区','1986-12-31 00:00:00','test1@qq.com','450323198612314234'),(1004,'123456','刘丽侠',1,4,'13500000005','北京市通州','1989-12-31 00:00:00','test1@qq.com','450323198612311244'),(1005,'123456','姜嘉航',2,1,'13500000006','广西桂林市灵川','1986-12-31 00:00:00','test1@qq.com','450323198612311214'),(1006,'123456','郑嘉祥',2,4,'13500000007','地址不详','1986-12-31 00:00:00','test1@qq.com','450323198612311134'),(1007,'111111','刘洋',1,1,'13500000008','北京东城区','1986-12-31 00:00:00','test1@qq.com','450323198612311133'),(1008,'111111','刘洋洋',1,1,'13500000009','河南洛阳','1986-12-31 00:00:00','test1@qq.com','450323198612311221'),(1009,'123456','刘毅',1,2,'13500000011','安徽','1986-12-31 00:00:00','test1@qq.com','450323198612311231'),(1010,'111111','赵杰',1,1,'13500000012','河南洛阳','1986-12-31 00:00:00','test1@qq.com','450323198612311044'),(1011,'111111','赵成',1,1,'13500000013','北京海淀区中关村大街*号','1984-12-31 00:00:00','test1@qq.com','450323198412311234'),(1012,'123456','刘恒',2,3,'13500000014','广西南宁中央大街','1986-12-31 00:00:00','test1@qq.com','450323198612311334'),(1013,'123456','张伟奇',2,1,'13500000015','上海卢湾区','1986-12-31 00:00:00','test1@qq.com','450323198612311534'),(1014,'123456','牛恩来',2,4,'13500000016','北京海淀区中关村大街*号','1986-12-31 00:00:00','test1@qq.com','450323198612311264'),(1015,'123456','马辉',1,4,'13500000017','广西桂林市灵川','1976-12-31 00:00:00','test1@qq.com','450323197612311234'),(1016,'111111','陈勉',1,1,'13500000018','上海卢湾区','1986-12-31 00:00:00','test1@qq.com','450323198612311251'),(1017,'123456','赵宇航',2,3,'13500000019','北京长安街1号','1981-09-10 00:00:00','test1@qq.com','450323198109108311');

/*Table structure for table `subject` */

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `subject`;

CREATE TABLE `subject` (
  `SubjectNo` INT(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '课程编号',
  `SubjectName` VARCHAR(50) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '课程名称',
  `ClassHour` INT(4) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '学时',
  `GradeID` INT(4) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '年级编号',
  PRIMARY KEY (`SubjectNo`)
) ENGINE=INNODB AUTO_INCREMENT=18 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

/*Data for the table `subject` */

INSERT  INTO `subject`(`SubjectNo`,`SubjectName`,`ClassHour`,`GradeID`) VALUES (1,'高等数学-1',110,1),(2,'高等数学-2',110,2),(3,'高等数学-3',100,3),(4,'高等数学-4',130,4),(5,'C语言-1',110,1),(6,'C语言-2',110,2),(7,'C语言-3',100,3),(8,'C语言-4',130,4),(9,'JAVA第一学年',110,1),(10,'JAVA第二学年',110,2),(11,'JAVA第三学年',100,3),(12,'JAVA第四学年',130,4),(13,'数据库结构-1',110,1),(14,'数据库结构-2',110,2),(15,'数据库结构-3',100,3),(16,'数据库结构-4',130,4),(17,'C#基础',130,1);

/*!40101 SET SQL_MODE=@OLD_SQL_MODE */;
/*!40014 SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS */;
/*!40014 SET UNIQUE_CHECKS=@OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS */;
/*!40111 SET SQL_NOTES=@OLD_SQL_NOTES */;

将上面的代码一部分一部分的进行运行。全部运行完。

查找

语法：SELECT 字段,... FROM 表

-- 查询全部的学生（SELECT 字段 FROM 表）
SELECT * FROM student

-- 查询指定的字段
SELECT `studentNo`, `studentname` FROM `student`

有的时候，列名字不是那么的见名知意。我们可以起别名

-- 起别名，使用 AS
SELECT `studentno` AS '学号', `studentname` AS '学生姓名' FROM `student` AS s

去重（distinct）

作用：去除SELECT 查询出来的结果中重复的数据，所有重复的数据只显示一条

-- 查询一下有哪些同学参加了考试，成绩
SELECT * FROM result -- 查询全部的考试成绩
SELECT `StudentNo` FROM result -- 查询有哪些同学参加了考试
SELECT DISTINCT `StudentNo` FROM result -- 发现重复数据，去重

数据库的列

图77============

图88============

图99=============

图1010=========

数据库中的表达式：文本值，列，Null，函数，计算表达式，系统变量….

语法：select 表达式 from 表

三、where 条件语句

作用：检索数据中符合条件的值

搜索的条件由一个或者多个表达式组成！结果为布尔值。

1.逻辑运算符

运算符	语法	描述
AND &&	a AND b a&&b	逻辑与，两个都为真，结果为真
OR \|\|	a OR b a \|\| b	逻辑或，其中一个为真，则结果为真
Not ！	not a !a	逻辑非，真为假，假为真！

使用英文字符

SELECT studentNo,`StudentResult` FROM result

-- 查询考试成绩在 95~100 分之间
SELECT studentNo,`StudentResult` FROM result
WHERE StudentResult>=95 AND StudentResult<=100

-- and &&
SELECT studentNo,`StudentResult` FROM result
WHERE StudentResult>=95 && StudentResult<=100

-- 模糊查询（区间）
SELECT studentNo,`StudentResult` FROM result
WHERE StudentResult BETWEEN 95 AND 100

-- 除了1000号学生之外的同学的成绩
SELECT studentNo,`StudentResult` FROM result
WHERE studentNo!=1000;
-- != not
SELECT studentNo,`StudentResult` FROM result
WHERE NOT studentNo = 1000

2.模糊查询

运算符	语法	描述
IS NULL	a IS NULL	如果操作符为 NUll, 结果为真
IS NOT NULL	a IS NOT NULL	如果操作符不为 null，结果为真
BETWEEN	a BETWEEN b AND c	若 a 在 b 和 c 之间，则结果为真
Like	a Like b	SQL 匹配，如果a匹配b，则结果为真
IN	a IN (a1,a2,a3….)	假设a在a1，或者a2…. 其中的某一个值中，结果为真

-- 查询姓刘的同学
-- like结合 %(代表0到任意个字符) _(一个字符)
SELECT `StudentNo`,`StudentName` FROM `student`
WHERE StudentName LIKE '刘%'

-- 查询姓刘的同学，名字后面只有一个字的
SELECT `StudentNo`,`StudentName` FROM `student`
WHERE StudentName LIKE '刘_'

-- 查询姓刘的同学，名字后面只有两个字的
SELECT `StudentNo`,`StudentName` FROM `student`
WHERE StudentName LIKE '刘__' -- 两个下划线

-- 查询名字中间有嘉字的同学 %嘉%
SELECT `StudentNo`,`StudentName` FROM `student`
WHERE StudentName LIKE '%嘉%'

-- 查询 1001,1002,1003号学员
SELECT `StudentNo`,`StudentName` FROM `student`
WHERE StudentNo IN (1001,1002,1003);

-- 查询在某地的学生
SELECT `StudentNo`,`StudentName` FROM `student`
WHERE `Address` IN ('安徽','河南洛阳');

-- 查询地址为空的学生 null ''
SELECT `StudentNo`,`StudentName` FROM `student`
WHERE address='' OR address IS NULL

-- 查询有出生日期的同学，即，出生日期不为空
SELECT `StudentNo`,`StudentName` FROM `student`
WHERE `BornDate` IS NOT NULL

-- 查询没有出生日期的同学，即，出生日期为空
SELECT `StudentNo`,`StudentName` FROM `student`
WHERE `BornDate` IS NULL

四、联表查询

JOIN

图1111=============

操作	描述
INNER JOIN	表中至少有一个匹配，返回行信息
LEFT JOIN	会从左表中返回所有的值，即使右表中没有匹配
RIGHT JOIN	会从右表中返回所有的值，即使左表中没有匹配

思路

分析需求，分析查询的字段来自哪些表，（连接查询）
确定使用哪种连接查询？
确定交叉点（这两个表中哪个数据是相同的）
判断的条件：学生表中的 studentNo = 成绩表中的 studentNo

如：

-- Inner Join
SELECT s.studentNO,studentName,SubjectNo,StudentResult
FROM student AS s
INNER JOIN result AS r
ON s.studentNO = r.studentNO

-- Right Join
SELECT s.studentNO,studentName,SubjectNo,StudentResult
FROM student s
RIGHT JOIN result r
ON s.studentNO = r.studentNO

-- Left Join
SELECT s.studentNO,studentName,SubjectNo,StudentResult
FROM student s
LEFT JOIN result r
ON s.studentNO = r.studentNO

这里使用AS来找到字段的主人（归属）。

可以加where条件（只能一条）：

-- join （连接的表） on（判断的条件） 连接查询
-- where 等值查询
SELECT s.studentNO,studentName,SubjectNo,StudentResult
FROM student AS s
INNER JOIN result AS r
WHERE s.studentNO = r.studentNO

-- 查询缺考的同学
SELECT s.studentNO,studentName,SubjectNo,StudentResult
FROM student s
LEFT JOIN result r
ON s.studentNO = r.studentNO
WHERE StudentResult IS NULL

这里可以看到，AS可以去掉哦！

查询多张表
SELECT s.studentNo,studentName,SubjectName,`StudentResult`
FROM student s
RIGHT JOIN result r
ON r.studentNo = s.studentNo
INNER JOIN `subject` sub
ON r.SubjectNo = sub.SubjectNo

-- 思路
-- 我要查询哪些数据 select ...
-- 从那几个表中查 FROM 表 XXX Join 连接的表 on 交叉条件
-- 假设存在一种多张表查询，慢慢来，先查询两张表然后再慢慢增加

-- 查询了参加 数据库结构-1 考试的同学信息： 学号，学生姓名，科目名，分数
SELECT s.`StudentNo`,`StudentName`,`SubjectName`,`StudentResult`
FROM student s
INNER JOIN `result` r
ON s.StudentNo = r.StudentNo
INNER JOIN `subject` sub
ON r.`SubjectNo` = sub.`SubjectNo`
WHERE subjectName = '数据库结构-1'

自连接

自己的表和自己的表连接。

核心：一张表拆为两张一样的表即可

举例

CREATE TABLE `category` (
  `categoryid` INT(10) UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '主题id',
  `pid` INT(10) NOT NULL COMMENT '父id',
  `categoryName` VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL COMMENT '主题名字',
  PRIMARY KEY (`categoryid`)
) ENGINE=INNODB AUTO_INCREMENT=9 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8

-- 插入数据
INSERT INTO `category` (`categoryid`, `pid`, `categoryName`) 
VALUES('2','1','信息技术'),
('3','1','软件开发'),
('4','3','数据库'),
('5','1','美术设计'),
('6','3','web开发'),
('7','5','ps技术'),
('8','2','办公信息');

图1313==========

SELECT f.`categoryname` AS '父栏目', s.`categoryname` AS '子栏目'
FROM `category` AS f, `category` AS s
WHERE f.`categoryid` = s.`pid`

图1212=============

五、分页和排序

1.排序

-- 排序 ： 升序 ASC ， 降序DESC
-- ORDER BY 通过那个字段排序，怎么排
-- 查询的结果根据 成绩降序 排序
SELECT s.`StudentNo`,`StudentName`,`SubjectName`,`StudentResult`
FROM student s
INNER JOIN `result` r
ON s.StudentNo = r.StudentNo
INNER JOIN `subject` sub
ON r.`SubjectNo` = sub.`SubjectNo`
WHERE subjectName = '数据库结构-1'
ORDER BY StudentResult ASC

2.分页

分页的好处：缓解数据库压力，给人的体验更好。

语法：limit 起始值，页面的大小

先执行

SELECT s.`StudentNo`,`StudentName`,`SubjectName`,`StudentResult`
FROM student s
INNER JOIN `result` r
ON s.StudentNo = r.StudentNo
INNER JOIN `subject` sub
ON r.`SubjectNo` = sub.`SubjectNo`
WHERE subjectName = '数据库结构-1'
ORDER BY StudentResult ASC

再添加LIMIT 5,5,执行

SELECT s.`StudentNo`,`StudentName`,`SubjectName`,`StudentResult`
FROM student s
INNER JOIN `result` r
ON s.StudentNo = r.StudentNo
INNER JOIN `subject` sub
ON r.`SubjectNo` = sub.`SubjectNo`
WHERE subjectName = '数据库结构-1'
ORDER BY StudentResult ASC
LIMIT 5,5

分别查看两次执行的结果，你就会懂得什么是分页！

计算

-- 第一页 limit 0,5 （1-1）*5
-- 第二页 limit 5,5 （2-1）*5
-- 第三页 limit 10,5 （3-1）*5
-- 第N页 limit 0,5 （n-1）* pageSize
-- 【pageSize：页面大小】
-- 【(n-1)* pageSize:起始值】
-- 【n ：当前页】
-- 【数据总数/页面大小 = 总页数】

六、子查询

本质：在where语句中嵌套一个子查询语句

例一

-- 1、查询 数据库结构-1 的所有考试结果（学号，科目编号，成绩），降序排列

-- 方式一： 使用连接查询
SELECT `StudentNo`,r.`SubjectNo`,`StudentResult`
FROM `result` r
INNER JOIN `subject` sub
ON r.SubjectNo = sub.SubjectNo
WHERE SubjectName = '数据库结构-1'
ORDER BY StudentResult DESC

-- 方式二： 使用子查询（由里及外）
-- 查询所有数据库结构-1 的学生学号
SELECT `StudentNo`,`SubjectNo`,`StudentResult`
FROM `result`
WHERE SubjectNo = (
	SELECT SubjectNo FROM `subject`
	WHERE SubjectName = '数据库结构-1'
) 
RDER BY StudentResult DESC

例二

-- 查询课程为 高等数学-2 且分数不小于 80 的同学的学号和姓名
SELECT s.StudentNo,StudentName
FROM student s
INNER JOIN result r
ON s.StudentNo = r.StudentNo
INNER JOIN `subject` sub
ON r.`SubjectNo` = sub.`SubjectNo`
WHERE `SubjectName` = '高等数学-2' AND StudentResult>=80

-- 分数不小于80分的学生的学号和姓名
SELECT DISTINCT s.`StudentNo`,`StudentName`
FROM student s
INNER JOIN result r
ON r.StudentNo = s.StudentNo
WHERE `StudentResult`>=80

-- 在这个基础上增加一个科目， 高等数学-2
-- 查询 高等数学-2 的编号
SELECT DISTINCT s.`StudentNo`,`StudentName`
FROM student s
INNER JOIN result r
ON r.StudentNo = s.StudentNo
WHERE `StudentResult`>=80 AND `SubjectNo` = (
	SELECT SubjectNo FROM `subject`
	WHERE `SubjectName` = '高等数学-2'
) 

-- 再改造 (由里及外)
SELECT StudentNo,StudentName FROM student WHERE StudentNo IN (
	SELECT StudentNo FROM result WHERE StudentResult>80 AND SubjectNo = (
		SELECT SubjectNo FROM `subject` WHERE `SubjectName` = '高等数学-2'
	)
)

七、分组和过滤

-- 查询不同课程的平均分，最高分，最低分，平均分大于80
-- 核心： （根据不同的课程分组）
SELECT SubjectName, AVG(StudentResult) AS 平均分,MAX(StudentResult) AS 最高
分,MIN(StudentResult) AS 最低分
FROM result r
INNER JOIN `subject` sub
ON r.`SubjectNo` = sub.`SubjectNo`
GROUP BY r.SubjectNo -- 通过什么字段来分组
HAVING 平均分>80

以上是数据库查询的一些基本用法，有关select的使用还有很多，后期还会讲述。

@999

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