(仿牛客社区项目)Java开发笔记4.6:优化登录模块

优化登录模块

NowCoder_23_1

1.util包

添加redis中形成相关键的方法。

package com.gerrard.community.util;

public class RedisKeyUtil {

    private static final String SPLIT = ":";
    private static final String PREFIX_ENTITY_LIKE = "like:entity";
    private static final String PREFIX_USER_LIKE = "like:user";
    private static final String PREFIX_FOLLOWEE = "followee";
    private static final String PREFIX_FOLLOWER = "follower";
    private static final String PREFIX_KAPTCHA = "kaptcha";
    private static final String PREFIX_TICKET = "ticket";
    private static final String PREFIX_USER = "user";

   //某个实体的赞
    //like:entity:【entityType:entityId】->【set(userId)】
    public static String getEntityLikeKey(int entityType, int entityId) {
        return PREFIX_ENTITY_LIKE + SPLIT + entityType + SPLIT + entityId;
    }

    //某个用户的赞
    //like:user:【userId】->int
    public static String getUserLikeKey(int userId) {
        return PREFIX_USER_LIKE + SPLIT + userId;
    }

   //某个用户关注的实体(键:用户Id,值:实体Id)
    //followee:【userId:entityType】->zset(entityId,now)
    public static String getFolloweeKey(int userId, int entityType) {
        return PREFIX_FOLLOWEE + SPLIT + userId + SPLIT + entityType;
    }

     //某个实体拥有的粉丝(键:实体Id,值:用户Id)
    //follower:【entityType:entityId】->zset(userId,now)
    public static String getFollowerKey(int entityType, int entityId) {
        return PREFIX_FOLLOWER + SPLIT + entityType + SPLIT + entityId;
    }
		//entityType不可以删除,userId和entityId值会有重复,需要借助entityType构成键的一部分加以区分,【不对】
        //entityType不可以删除,Id值相同的情况下,需要借助entityType以示区分

    // 登录验证码 kaptcha:【owner(随机生成的字符串),60s后过期】->验证码的值
    public static String getKaptchaKey(String owner) {
        return PREFIX_KAPTCHA + SPLIT + owner;
    }

 	// 登录的凭证 ticket:【ticket】->set(ticket实体类,过期时间存放在该实体中)
    public static String getTicketKey(String ticket) {
        return PREFIX_TICKET + SPLIT + ticket;
    }

	//用户 user:【userId】->set(user实体类,3600s后过期)
    public static String getUserKey(int userId) {
        return PREFIX_USER + SPLIT + userId;
    }

}

2.dao层

LoginTicketMapper类添加Deprecated注解。

package com.gerrard.community.dao;

import com.gerrard.community.entity.LoginTicket;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.*;

@Mapper
@Deprecated
public interface LoginTicketMapper {

    @Insert({
            "insert into login_ticket(user_id,ticket,status,expired) ",
            "values(#{userId},#{ticket},#{status},#{expired})"
    })
    @Options(useGeneratedKeys = true, keyProperty = "id")
    int insertLoginTicket(LoginTicket loginTicket);

    @Select({
            "select id,user_id,ticket,status,expired ",
            "from login_ticket where ticket=#{ticket}"
    })
    LoginTicket selectByTicket(String ticket);

    @Update({
            "<script>",
            "update login_ticket set status=#{status} where ticket=#{ticket} ",
            "<if test=\"ticket!=null\"> ",
            "and 1=1 ",
            "</if>",
            "</script>"
    })
    int updateStatus(String ticket, int status);

}

3.service层

修改UserService类的findUserById,login,logout,findLoginTicket,updateHeader方法,并添加getCache,initCache,clearCache方法。

package com.gerrard.community.service;

import com.gerrard.community.dao.LoginTicketMapper;
import com.gerrard.community.dao.UserMapper;
import com.gerrard.community.entity.LoginTicket;
import com.gerrard.community.entity.User;
import com.gerrard.community.util.CommunityConstant;
import com.gerrard.community.util.CommunityUtil;
import com.gerrard.community.util.MailClient;
import com.gerrard.community.util.RedisKeyUtil;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.thymeleaf.TemplateEngine;
import org.thymeleaf.context.Context;

import java.util.Date;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

@Service
public class UserService implements CommunityConstant {

    @Autowired
    private UserMapper userMapper;

    @Autowired
    private MailClient mailClient;

    @Autowired
    private TemplateEngine templateEngine;

    @Value("${community.path.domain}")
    private String domain;

    @Value("${server.servlet.context-path}")
    private String contextPath;

//    @Autowired
//    private LoginTicketMapper loginTicketMapper;

    @Autowired
    private RedisTemplate redisTemplate;

    public User findUserById(int id) {
//        return userMapper.selectById(id);
        User user = getCache(id);
        if (user == null) {
            user = initCache(id);
        }
        return user;
    }

    public Map<String, Object> register(User user) {
        Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();

        // 空值处理
        if (user == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("参数不能为空!");
        }
        if (StringUtils.isBlank(user.getUsername())) {
            map.put("usernameMsg", "账号不能为空!");
            return map;
        }
        if (StringUtils.isBlank(user.getPassword())) {
            map.put("passwordMsg", "密码不能为空!");
            return map;
        }
        if (StringUtils.isBlank(user.getEmail())) {
            map.put("emailMsg", "邮箱不能为空!");
            return map;
        }

        // 验证账号
        User u = userMapper.selectByName(user.getUsername());
        if (u != null) {
            map.put("usernameMsg", "该账号已存在!");
            return map;
        }

        // 验证邮箱
        u = userMapper.selectByEmail(user.getEmail());
        if (u != null) {
            map.put("emailMsg", "该邮箱已被注册!");
            return map;
        }

        // 注册用户
        user.setSalt(CommunityUtil.generateUUID().substring(0, 5));
        user.setPassword(CommunityUtil.md5(user.getPassword() + user.getSalt()));
        user.setType(0);
        user.setStatus(0);
        user.setActivationCode(CommunityUtil.generateUUID());
        user.setHeaderUrl(String.format("http://images.nowcoder.com/head/%dt.png", new Random().nextInt(1000)));
        user.setCreateTime(new Date());
        userMapper.insertUser(user);

        // 激活邮件
        Context context = new Context();
        context.setVariable("email", user.getEmail());
        // http://localhost:8080/community/activation/101/code
        String url = domain + contextPath + "/activation/" + user.getId() + "/" + user.getActivationCode();
        context.setVariable("url", url);
        String content = templateEngine.process("/mail/activation", context);
        mailClient.sendMail(user.getEmail(), "激活账号", content);

        return map;
    }

    public int activation(int userId, String code) {
        User user = userMapper.selectById(userId);
        if (user.getStatus() == 1) {
            return ACTIVATION_REPEAT;
        } else if (user.getActivationCode().equals(code)) {
            userMapper.updateStatus(userId, 1);
            clearCache(userId);
            return ACTIVATION_SUCCESS;
        } else {
            return ACTIVATION_FAILURE;
        }
    }

    public Map<String, Object> login(String username, String password, int expiredSeconds) {
        Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();

        // 空值处理
        if (StringUtils.isBlank(username)) {
            map.put("usernameMsg", "账号不能为空!");
            return map;
        }
        if (StringUtils.isBlank(password)) {
            map.put("passwordMsg", "密码不能为空!");
            return map;
        }

        // 验证账号
        User user = userMapper.selectByName(username);
        if (user == null) {
            map.put("usernameMsg", "该账号不存在!");
            return map;
        }

        // 验证状态
        if (user.getStatus() == 0) {
            map.put("usernameMsg", "该账号未激活!");
            return map;
        }

        // 验证密码
        password = CommunityUtil.md5(password + user.getSalt());
        if (!user.getPassword().equals(password)) {
            map.put("passwordMsg", "密码不正确!");
            return map;
        }

        // 生成登录凭证
        LoginTicket loginTicket = new LoginTicket();
        loginTicket.setUserId(user.getId());
        loginTicket.setTicket(CommunityUtil.generateUUID());
        loginTicket.setStatus(0);
        loginTicket.setExpired(new Date(System.currentTimeMillis() + expiredSeconds * 1000));
//        loginTicketMapper.insertLoginTicket(loginTicket);

        String redisKey = RedisKeyUtil.getTicketKey(loginTicket.getTicket());
        redisTemplate.opsForValue().set(redisKey, loginTicket);

        map.put("ticket", loginTicket.getTicket());
        return map;
    }

    public void logout(String ticket) {
//        loginTicketMapper.updateStatus(ticket, 1);
        String redisKey = RedisKeyUtil.getTicketKey(ticket);
        LoginTicket loginTicket = (LoginTicket) redisTemplate.opsForValue().get(redisKey);
        loginTicket.setStatus(1);
        redisTemplate.opsForValue().set(redisKey, loginTicket);
    }

    public LoginTicket findLoginTicket(String ticket) {
//        return loginTicketMapper.selectByTicket(ticket);
        String redisKey = RedisKeyUtil.getTicketKey(ticket);
        return (LoginTicket) redisTemplate.opsForValue().get(redisKey);
    }

    public int updateHeader(int userId, String headerUrl) {
//        return userMapper.updateHeader(userId, headerUrl);
        int rows = userMapper.updateHeader(userId, headerUrl);
        clearCache(userId);
        return rows;
    }

    public User findUserByName(String username) {
        return userMapper.selectByName(username);
    }

    // 1.优先从缓存中取值
    private User getCache(int userId) {
        String redisKey = RedisKeyUtil.getUserKey(userId);
        return (User) redisTemplate.opsForValue().get(redisKey);
    }

    // 2.取不到时初始化缓存数据
    private User initCache(int userId) {
        User user = userMapper.selectById(userId);
        String redisKey = RedisKeyUtil.getUserKey(userId);
        redisTemplate.opsForValue().set(redisKey, user, 3600, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
        return user;
    }

    // 3.数据变更时清除缓存数据
    private void clearCache(int userId) {
        String redisKey = RedisKeyUtil.getUserKey(userId);
        redisTemplate.delete(redisKey);
    }

}

4.controller层

LoginController修改getKaptcha方法,修改login方法。

loginticket不设置过期时间是为了防止以后用到,比如开发查看历史信息的功能【您最早于xxx点登陆系统】,用户和验证码在redis中都设置过期时间。

package com.gerrard.community.controller;

import com.google.code.kaptcha.Producer;
import com.gerrard.community.entity.User;
import com.gerrard.community.service.UserService;
import com.gerrard.community.util.CommunityConstant;
import com.gerrard.community.util.CommunityUtil;
import com.gerrard.community.util.RedisKeyUtil;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.CookieValue;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

@Controller
public class LoginController implements CommunityConstant {

    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(LoginController.class);

    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;

    @Autowired
    private Producer kaptchaProducer;

    @Value("${server.servlet.context-path}")
    private String contextPath;

    @Autowired
    private RedisTemplate redisTemplate;

    @RequestMapping(path = "/register", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public String getRegisterPage() {
        return "/site/register";
    }

    @RequestMapping(path = "/login", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public String getLoginPage() {
        return "/site/login";
    }

    @RequestMapping(path = "/register", method = RequestMethod.POST)
    public String register(Model model, User user) {
        Map<String, Object> map = userService.register(user);
        if (map == null || map.isEmpty()) {
            model.addAttribute("msg", "注册成功,我们已经向您的邮箱发送了一封激活邮件,请尽快激活!");
            model.addAttribute("target", "/index");
            return "/site/operate-result";
        } else {
            model.addAttribute("usernameMsg", map.get("usernameMsg"));
            model.addAttribute("passwordMsg", map.get("passwordMsg"));
            model.addAttribute("emailMsg", map.get("emailMsg"));
            return "/site/register";
        }
    }

    // http://localhost:8080/community/activation/101/code
    @RequestMapping(path = "/activation/{userId}/{code}", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public String activation(Model model, @PathVariable("userId") int userId, @PathVariable("code") String code) {
        int result = userService.activation(userId, code);
        if (result == ACTIVATION_SUCCESS) {
            model.addAttribute("msg", "激活成功,您的账号已经可以正常使用了!");
            model.addAttribute("target", "/login");
        } else if (result == ACTIVATION_REPEAT) {
            model.addAttribute("msg", "无效操作,该账号已经激活过了!");
            model.addAttribute("target", "/index");
        } else {
            model.addAttribute("msg", "激活失败,您提供的激活码不正确!");
            model.addAttribute("target", "/index");
        }
        return "/site/operate-result";
    }

    @RequestMapping(path = "/kaptcha", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public void getKaptcha(HttpServletResponse response/*, HttpSession session*/) {
        // 生成验证码
        String text = kaptchaProducer.createText();
        BufferedImage image = kaptchaProducer.createImage(text);

        // 将验证码存入session
        // session.setAttribute("kaptcha", text);

        // 验证码的归属
        String kaptchaOwner = CommunityUtil.generateUUID();
        Cookie cookie = new Cookie("kaptchaOwner", kaptchaOwner);
        cookie.setMaxAge(60);
        cookie.setPath(contextPath);
        response.addCookie(cookie);
        // 将验证码存入Redis
        String redisKey = RedisKeyUtil.getKaptchaKey(kaptchaOwner);
        redisTemplate.opsForValue().set(redisKey, text, 60, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

        // 将突图片输出给浏览器
        response.setContentType("image/png");
        try {
            OutputStream os = response.getOutputStream();
            ImageIO.write(image, "png", os);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            logger.error("响应验证码失败:" + e.getMessage());
        }
    }

    @RequestMapping(path = "/login", method = RequestMethod.POST)
    public String login(String username, String password, String code, boolean rememberme,
                        Model model, /*HttpSession session, */HttpServletResponse response,
                        @CookieValue("kaptchaOwner") String kaptchaOwner) {
        // 检查验证码
        // String kaptcha = (String) session.getAttribute("kaptcha");
        String kaptcha = null;
        if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(kaptchaOwner)) {
            String redisKey = RedisKeyUtil.getKaptchaKey(kaptchaOwner);
            kaptcha = (String) redisTemplate.opsForValue().get(redisKey);
        }

        if (StringUtils.isBlank(kaptcha) || StringUtils.isBlank(code) || !kaptcha.equalsIgnoreCase(code)) {
            model.addAttribute("codeMsg", "验证码不正确!");
            return "/site/login";
        }

        // 检查账号,密码
        int expiredSeconds = rememberme ? REMEMBER_EXPIRED_SECONDS : DEFAULT_EXPIRED_SECONDS;
        Map<String, Object> map = userService.login(username, password, expiredSeconds);
        if (map.containsKey("ticket")) {
            Cookie cookie = new Cookie("ticket", map.get("ticket").toString());
            cookie.setPath(contextPath);
            cookie.setMaxAge(expiredSeconds);
            response.addCookie(cookie);
            return "redirect:/index";
        } else {
            model.addAttribute("usernameMsg", map.get("usernameMsg"));
            model.addAttribute("passwordMsg", map.get("passwordMsg"));
            return "/site/login";
        }
    }

    @RequestMapping(path = "/logout", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public String logout(@CookieValue("ticket") String ticket) {
        userService.logout(ticket);
        return "redirect:/login";
    }

}

使用redis存储验证码:

旧版:客户端不保存有验证码信息,服务端保存一份验证码信息于session中。

当多用户从不同客户端发起访问时,则不能满足需求,因为服务端只会保存一条验证码信息,无法实现多用户登录。

改进:客户端只保存一份验证码信息(用cookie,多次刷新验证码则覆盖cookie,60s过后清除),服务端保存多份验证码信息(存储于redis数据库中,60s过后清除), cookie中的kaptchaOwner值与redis中的kaptcha:【owner】键一一对应。

获取验证码时,客户端将随机字符串存储在cookie中,将随机字符串作为键,验证码的值作为值存储在redis中;

用户登录校验时,根据用户cookie传来的随机字符串查询redis数据库,获取验证码的值。

例:用户A刷新验证码,生成的随机字符串为fae737adc5eb41eaa189334f9d152d4e,验证码的值为4ZBT,则

cookie中存放的信息为:

kaptchaOwner:fae737adc5eb41eaa189334f9d152d4e  //60s后删除

redis中存放的信息为:

kaptcha:【owner(随机生成的字符串)】->验证码的值     //60s后删除
kaptcha:【fae737adc5eb41eaa189334f9d152d4e】->4ZBT

使用redis存储登录凭证:

旧版:客户端登录凭证存储在cookie中【cookie过期时间为expiredSeconds】,服务端登录凭证存储在login_ticket MySQL表中。

改进:客户端登录凭证存储在cookie中【cookie过期时间为expiredSeconds】,服务端登录凭证存储在login_ticket Redis数据库中。

涉及到查询login_ticket MySQL表的操作皆替换为redis操作。

 public Map<String, Object> login(String username, String password, int expiredSeconds) {
        Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<>();

        // 空值处理
        if (StringUtils.isBlank(username)) {
            map.put("usernameMsg", "账号不能为空!");
            return map;
        }
        if (StringUtils.isBlank(password)) {
            map.put("passwordMsg", "密码不能为空!");
            return map;
        }

        // 验证账号
        User user = userMapper.selectByName(username);
        if (user == null) {
            map.put("usernameMsg", "该账号不存在!");
            return map;
        }

        // 验证状态
        if (user.getStatus() == 0) {
            map.put("usernameMsg", "该账号未激活!");
            return map;
        }

        // 验证密码
        password = CommunityUtil.md5(password + user.getSalt());
        if (!user.getPassword().equals(password)) {
            map.put("passwordMsg", "密码不正确!");
            return map;
        }

        // 生成登录凭证
        LoginTicket loginTicket = new LoginTicket();
        loginTicket.setUserId(user.getId());
        loginTicket.setTicket(CommunityUtil.generateUUID());
        loginTicket.setStatus(0);
        loginTicket.setExpired(new Date(System.currentTimeMillis() + expiredSeconds * 1000));
//        loginTicketMapper.insertLoginTicket(loginTicket);

        String redisKey = RedisKeyUtil.getTicketKey(loginTicket.getTicket());
        redisTemplate.opsForValue().set(redisKey, loginTicket);

        map.put("ticket", loginTicket.getTicket());
        return map;
    }

    public void logout(String ticket) {
//        loginTicketMapper.updateStatus(ticket, 1);
        String redisKey = RedisKeyUtil.getTicketKey(ticket);
        LoginTicket loginTicket = (LoginTicket) redisTemplate.opsForValue().get(redisKey);
        loginTicket.setStatus(1);
        redisTemplate.opsForValue().set(redisKey, loginTicket);
    }

    public LoginTicket findLoginTicket(String ticket) {
//        return loginTicketMapper.selectByTicket(ticket);
        String redisKey = RedisKeyUtil.getTicketKey(ticket);
        return (LoginTicket) redisTemplate.opsForValue().get(redisKey);
    }

    public int updateHeader(int userId, String headerUrl) {
//        return userMapper.updateHeader(userId, headerUrl);
        int rows = userMapper.updateHeader(userId, headerUrl);
        clearCache(userId);
        return rows;
    }

使用redis缓存用户信息;

旧版:用户信息仅存储在user MySQL表中。

改进:添加缓存,优先在缓存中取到用户实体。

	public User findUserById(int id) {
//        return userMapper.selectById(id);
        User user = getCache(id);
        if (user == null) {
            user = initCache(id);
        }
        return user;
    }
 	public int activation(int userId, String code) {
        User user = userMapper.selectById(userId);
        if (user.getStatus() == 1) {
            return ACTIVATION_REPEAT;
        } else if (user.getActivationCode().equals(code)) {
            userMapper.updateStatus(userId, 1);
            clearCache(userId);
            return ACTIVATION_SUCCESS;
        } else {
            return ACTIVATION_FAILURE;
        }
    }
 	public int updateHeader(int userId, String headerUrl) {
//        return userMapper.updateHeader(userId, headerUrl);
        int rows = userMapper.updateHeader(userId, headerUrl);
        clearCache(userId);
        return rows;
    }
 // 1.优先从缓存中取值
    private User getCache(int userId) {
        String redisKey = RedisKeyUtil.getUserKey(userId);
        return (User) redisTemplate.opsForValue().get(redisKey);
    }

    // 2.取不到时初始化缓存数据
    private User initCache(int userId) {
        User user = userMapper.selectById(userId);
        String redisKey = RedisKeyUtil.getUserKey(userId);
        redisTemplate.opsForValue().set(redisKey, user, 3600, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
        return user;
    }

    // 3.数据变更时清除缓存数据
    private void clearCache(int userId) {
        String redisKey = RedisKeyUtil.getUserKey(userId);
        redisTemplate.delete(redisKey);
    }

id为154的用户登录后,发放ticket为”ea90f2f3a2324ef9862a14bc25cf3729“的凭证,并将凭证号存储在cookie中,凭证存储在redis中,并返回主页【会经历一次拦截器,根据凭证号查询到凭证实体,取到凭证中的user_id,接着根据user_id获取user实体,此时会将user信息放在缓存中,并在整个请求过程中持有user hostholder信息】。

cookie中存放的信息为:

 ticket:ea90f2f3a2324ef9862a14bc25cf3729     //expiredSeconds后删除

redis存放的信息为:

// 登录的凭证 ticket:【ticket】->set(ticket实体类,过期时间存放在该实体中,永久保存)
ticket:【ea90f2f3a2324ef9862a14bc25cf3729】->{"{\"@class\":\"com.gerrard.community.entity.User\",\"id\":154,\"username\":\"ilovenjupt\",\"password\":\"e87075c7da5cfdbddb7d89627ac43476\",\"salt\":\"632f9\",\"email\":\"3150262925@qq.com\",\"type\":0,\"status\":1,\"activationCode\":\"b5c6c4e9db954d5a948c457ea61610b2\",\"headerUrl\":\"http://localhost:8080/community/user/header/22965adc32854b0abdb5cf76f0af83a7.jpeg\",\"createTime\":[\"java.util.Date\",1658050167000]}"}

//用户 user:【userId】->set(user实体类,3600s后删除)
user:【154】->{"{\"@class\":\"com.gerrard.community.entity.LoginTicket\",\"id\":0,\"userId\":154,\"ticket\":\"ea90f2f3a2324ef9862a14bc25cf3729\",\"status\":0,\"expired\":[\"java.util.Date\",1658606189535]}"}


5.功能测试

测试验证码:用户A刷新验证码,生成的随机字符串为fae737adc5eb41eaa189334f9d152d4e,验证码的值为4ZBT。

验证码:

NowCoder_23_2

cookie存放:

InkedNowCoder_23_3

redis存放:

NowCoder_23_4

测试登录凭证和用户信息:

cookie中存放的凭证:

InkedNowCoder_23_5

redis中存放的凭证和user实体:

NowCoder_23_6

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