文章目录
1. 夹逼准则
- 准则
I
I
I 如果数列
{
x
n
}
,
{
y
n
}
\{x_n\},\{y_n\}
{xn},{yn}及
{
z
n
}
\{z_n\}
{zn}满足下列条件
( 1 ) (1) (1)从某项起,即 ∃ n 0 ∈ N + , \exist n_0\in N_+, ∃n0∈N+,当 n > n 0 n>n_0 n>n0时,有 y n ≤ x n ≤ z n y_n\le x_n\le z_n yn≤xn≤zn
( 2 ) (2) (2) lim n → ∞ y n = a , lim n → ∞ z n = a \lim_{n\rightarrow \infin}y_n=a,\lim_{n\rightarrow \infin}z_n=a n→∞limyn=a,n→∞limzn=a那么数列 { x n } \{x_n\} {xn}的极限存在且为 a a a - 准则
I
′
I'
I′ 如果
( 1 ) (1) (1)当 x ∈ U ∘ ( x 0 , r ) x\in U^{\circ}(x_0,r) x∈U∘(x0,r)(或 ∣ x ∣ > M |x|>M ∣x∣>M)时, g ( x ) ≤ f ( x ) ≤ h ( x ) g(x)\le f(x)\le h(x) g(x)≤f(x)≤h(x)
( 2 ) (2) (2) lim g ( x ) = A , lim h ( x ) = A , \lim g(x)=A,\lim h(x)=A, limg(x)=A,limh(x)=A,
那么 lim f ( x ) \lim f(x) limf(x)存在且等于 A A A - 准则 I I I和准则 I ′ I' I′称为夹逼准则
- lim x → 0 sin ( x ) x = 1 \lim_{x\rightarrow0}\frac{\sin(x)}{x}=1 x→0limxsin(x)=1
2. 单调有界数列必有极限
- 准则 I I II II 单调有界数列必有极限
- lim x → ∞ ( 1 + 1 x ) x = e \lim_{x\rightarrow\infin}(1+\frac{1}{x})^x=e x→∞lim(1+x1)x=e
- 准则 I I ′ II' II′设函数 f ( x ) f(x) f(x)在点 x 0 x_0 x0的某个左邻域内单调并且有界,则 f ( x ) f(x) f(x)在 x 0 x_0 x0的左极限 f ( x 0 − ) f(x_0^-) f(x0−)必定存在