【C语言】数据类型转换

隐式转换：

1. 窄类型自动转向宽类型 char ,short ,int ,long ,float,long long,double （同类型有符号比无符号窄,考点），窄类型转宽类型:补符号位,无符号数补0
2. 整数默认为int,小数默认为double
3. 所有运算int起

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显示转换

1. 强制类型转换
2. 宽类型转窄类型:保留低数据

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例题

1. 宽类型转窄类型:保留低数据

int main()
{
 int a = 1000;//0011 1110 1000
 char b = a;//1110 1000->-0001 0111->-0001 1000->-24
 printf("%d\n",b);//-24
 return 0;
}

int main()
{
 char a = -1;
 char b = 255;//-1
 unsigned char c = -1;//255
 unsigned char d = 255;
 int e = a;//-1
 int f = b;//-1
 int g = c;//255
 int h = d;//255
 printf("%d,%d,%d,%d\n",e,f,g,h);
 return 0;
}

char:-128~127
unsigned char:0~255

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3. 窄类型变宽类型

int main()
{
 char a = 10;//0000 1010 ->00000000 00000000 00000000 0000 1010
 int b = a;
 char c = -1;//1111 1111->11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111
 int d = c;
 unsigned char e = 200;//1100 1000->00000000 00000000 00000000 1100 1000
 int f = e;
 printf("%d,%d,%d\n",b,d,f);//10,-1,200
 return 0;
}

4. 考题

int main()
{
 char a = 0x12; // 00000000 00000000 0001 0010 0001 0011
 char b = 0x13;
 printf("%d\n",a<<8|b);//19    注意<<优先级大于|
 //18*256 + 19=
 return 0;
}

5. 窄类型自动转向宽类型，同类型有符号比无符号窄

int main()
{
 unsigned short a = 10;
 unsigned int b = 10;
 if(a > -1)//-1默认为int,因此a也要转化成int（窄类型自动转向宽类型）
 {//unsigned short , int -> int ,int -> 10>-1
  printf("a>-1\n");
 }
 else
 {
  printf("a<-1\n");
 }
 if(b > -1)//unsigned int,int->unsigned int,unsigned int-> 10 > 2^32 -1      
 {//-1由int-> unsigned int 
 //-1二进制11111111 11111111 11111111 11111111
  printf("b>-1\n");
 }
 else
 {
  printf("b<-1\n");//
 }
 return 0;
}

char y=128;
printf("%d，%u\n",x);//-128,4294967168

char:-128~127
char的8个比特位已经不够表示128，于是借一位即1 1000 0000->整型提升 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1000 0000

int main()
{
 unsigned int x=-1;
 unsigned char y=-1;
 unsigned short z=-1;
 printf("%d,%u\n",x,x);//-1，4294967295
 printf("%d,%u\n",y,y);//255,255
 printf("%d,%u\n",z,z);//65535,65535
 return 0;
}

char a=1,b='1';
printf("%c  %c\n",a,b);// 输出ASCII为1的字符和字符'1'

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注意

int＝＝signed int，但是char不能简单以为是signed char
char相当于signed char或者unsigned char，取决于编译器不同，可以用下面的程序来验证

{
   char c=0xff;
   if(c==-1)
    printf("signed");
   else
    printf("unsigned");
   return 0;
}