解决ArcGIS Engine开发出现“未将对象引用到实例”

记录错误

在编写地图事件mapControl_OnMouseUp时，实现选中要素功能发生错误：“未将对象IFeatureLayer引用到实例”

错误代码

private void mapControl_OnMouseUp(object sender, IMapControlEvents2_OnMouseUpEvent e)
{
    if (e.button == 1)
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < mapControl.Map.LayerCount; i++)
        {
            if (geometry == null)
                continue;
            spatialFilter.Geometry = geometry;
            featureLayer = mapControl.Map.get_Layer(i) as IFeatureLayer;
            featureCursorBuffer = featureLayer.Search(spatialFilter, false);
            feature = featureCursorBuffer.NextFeature();
        }
    }
    else if (e.button == 2)
    {

    }
}

错误出现在这里：

featureCursorBuffer = featureLayer.Search(spatialFilter, false);

问题原因

未将对象 featureLayer引用到实例。

换句话说，featureLayer是一个null，没有完成实例化。

那么我们现在知道问题出在对featureLayer实例化的地方，我们向上寻找，可以发现在上一句：

featureLayer = mapControl.Map.get_Layer(i) as IFeatureLayer;

就是实例化部分，通过as，将mapControl.Map.get_Layer(i)转换类型。

解决问题

方法1

通过检查mapControl.Map.get_Layer(i)类型是否可以转换，来限制部分语句发生：

private void mapControl_OnMouseUp(object sender, IMapControlEvents2_OnMouseUpEvent e)
{
    if (e.button == 1)
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < mapControl.Map.LayerCount; i++)
        {
        	if (mapControl.Map.get_Layer(i) is IFeatureLayer)
            {
	            if (geometry == null)
	                continue;
	            spatialFilter.Geometry = geometry;
	            featureLayer = mapControl.Map.get_Layer(i) as IFeatureLayer;
	            featureCursorBuffer = featureLayer.Search(spatialFilter, false);
	            feature = featureCursorBuffer.NextFeature();
	        }
        }
    }
    else if (e.button == 2)
    {

    }
}

方法2

修改为强制类型转换（不推荐，可能会出现无法转换"System.__ComObject"的 COM 对象报错）：

private void mapControl_OnMouseUp(object sender, IMapControlEvents2_OnMouseUpEvent e)
{
    if (e.button == 1)
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < mapControl.Map.LayerCount; i++)
        {
            if (geometry == null)
                continue;
            spatialFilter.Geometry = geometry;
            featureLayer = (IFeatureLayer)mapControl.Map.get_Layer(i);
            featureCursorBuffer = featureLayer.Search(spatialFilter, false);
            feature = featureCursorBuffer.NextFeature();
        }
    }
    else if (e.button == 2)
    {

    }
}