SQL语句实例运用（2）

条件查询

比较运算符

select * from students where age>18;-- 查询 大于18岁 的信息
select * from students where age<=20;-- 查询小于20岁的信息
select * from students where age=18;-- 查询年龄为18岁的所有学生的名字

不等于是 != 或者 <>

select * from students where name !='dog';--查询姓名不是dog的

逻辑运算符
and

select * from students where age>18 and age<20;-- 18到20之间的所有学生信息
select * from students where 18 < age < 28;  --这样为错误的写法
select * from students where age > 18 and gender='女';-- 查询18岁以上的女性

or

select * from students where id<4 or is_delect=0;-- 查询编号小于4或没被删除的学生

not 取反

select * from students where (not age <= 18)  and gender = 2;-- 年龄不是小于或者等于18 并且是女性
--当然这句话使用>也可以完成
select * from students where age > 18  and gender = 2;

MySQL数据库中优先级：not>and>or

模糊查询

like
% 替换任意多个
_ 替换1个

select * from students where name like'小%';-- 查询姓名中 以 "小" 开始的名字,'小于' '小张' '小xx' 
select * from students where name like'%小%';-- 查询姓名中 有 "小" 所有的名字
select * from students where name like'__';-- 查询有2个字的名字
select * from students where name like'__%';-- 查询至少有2个字的名字

rlike 正则

select name from students where name rlike"^周.*";-- 查询以 周开始的姓名
select name from students where name rlike"^周.*伦$";-- 查询以 周开始、伦结尾的姓名

范围查询
– in 表示在一个非连续的范围内

select name from students where age in(18,34);-- 查询 年龄为18、34的姓名
select * from students where name in ('dog','cat');  -- 查询 姓名为dog,cat的
select name from students where age not in (18,34); -- 年龄不是 18、34岁之间的信息

between … and …表示在一个连续的范围内

select * from students where id between 3 and 8;-- 查询 查询id是3到8的学生

select * from students where id between 3 and 8 and gender=1;-- 查询学生id是3到8的男生
select * from students where (id between 3 and 8) and gender=1; -- 可读性
select * from students where age not between 18 and 34;-- 查询 年龄不在在18到34之间的的信息

空判断
判空is null 不能用 =

select * from students where high is null;-- 查询身高为空的信息
select * from students where high is not null;-- 判非空is not null

聚合函数

总数

select count(*) from students;-- 查询学生总数
-- 查询男性有多少人，女性有多少人
select count(*) as 男性人数 from students where gender = 1;
select count(*) as 女性人数 from students where gender = 2;

最大值

select max(age) from students;-- 查询最大的年龄
select max(id) from students where gender = 2;-- 查询女性的最大编号

最小值

select min(id) from students where is_delect = 0;-- 查询未删除的学生最小编号

求和

select sum(age) from students where gender =1;-- 查询男生的年龄和
-- 求和字段 是varchar 0 如果字段内容是数字的话会进行相加

平均值

select avg(age) from students where gender=2 and is_delete = 0; --查询未删除女生的年龄的平均值,默认保留4位小数
-- 计算平均年龄 sum(age)/count(*)
-- 四舍五入 round(123.23 , 1) 保留1位小数
-- 计算所有人的平均年龄，保留2位小数
select round(avg(age),2)  from students;
select round(sum(age)/count(*),2)  from students;

分组

group by

select gender from students group by gender;-- 按照性别分组,查询所有的性别
select count(*) from students group by gender;-- 计算男生和女生中的人数
select gender as 性别,count(*) from students group by gender;
select gender as 性别,max(age) from students group by gender;-- 男女同学最大年龄

group_concat(…) 查看组内的信息

select gender as 性别,group_concat(name) from students group by gender;-- 查询同种性别中的姓名
select gender as 性别,group_concat('姓名：',name,' 年龄：',age) from students group by gender;-- 查询组内年龄,姓名   --括号内相当于python字符串拼接

分组之后的筛选
having

select gender,avg(age),group_concat(name) from students group by gender having avg(age)>18;-- 查询平均年龄超过18岁的性别，以及姓名

排序

order by 字段
asc从小到大排列，即升序 默认
desc从大到小排序，即降序

select * from students where (age between 18 and 24) and gender = 1 order by age;-- 查询年龄在18到24岁之间的男同学，按照年龄从小到到排序
select * from students where (age between 18 and 26) and gender=2 order by high desc;-- 查询年龄在18到26岁之间的女同学，身高从高到矮排序

order by 多个字段

select * from students where (age between 18 and 28) and gender=2 order by high asc,high desc;
-- 查询年龄在18到28岁之间的女性，身高从高到矮排序, 如果身高相同的情况下按照年龄从小到大排序

分页

limit start, count

-- 限制查询出来的数据个数
select * from students limit 5;-- 查询前5个数据
select * from students limit 5,5;-- 查询id 6-10（包含）的数据

制作分页

select * from students limit 0,5;-- 每页显示5个，第1个页面
select * from students limit 5,5;-- 每页显示5个，第2个页面
select * from students limit 10,5;-- 每页显示5个，第3个页面
select * from students limit 15,5;-- 每页显示5个，第4个页面

连接查询

inner join … on

-- select ... from 表A inner join 表B;
select * from students inner join classes;
-- 查询 有能够对应班级的学生以及班级信息
select * from students inner join classes on students.cls_id=classes.id;
-- 按照要求显示姓名、班级
select student.*,classes.name from students inner join classes on students.cls_id=classes.id;
-- 给数据表起名字
select s.*,c.name from students as s inner join classes as c on s.cls_id=c.id;
-- 查询 有能够对应班级的学生以及班级信息，显示学生的所有信息，只显示班级名称
select s.*,c.name from students as s inner join classes as c on s.cls_id=c.id;
-- 在以上的查询中，将班级姓名显示在第1列
select c.name,s.* from students as s inner join classes as c on s.cls_id=c.id;
-- 查询 有能够对应班级的学生以及班级信息, 按照班级进行排序
select c.name,s.* from students as s inner join classes as c on s.cls_id=c.id order by c.name,s.id;
-- 当同一个班级的时候，按照学生的id进行从小到大排序
select c.name,s.* from students as s inner join classes as c on s.cls_id=c.id order by c.name,s.id;

left join/right join：

-- 查询每位学生对应的班级信息
select * from students left join classes on students.cls_id = classes.id;
-- 查询没有对应班级信息的学生
-- select ... from xxx as s left join xxx as c on..... having .....
select * from students left join classes on students.cls_id = classes.id having id is null;
-- right join   on
-- 将数据表名字互换位置，用left join完成

子查询

select * from students where high = (select max(high) from students where gender = 1) and gender = 1;-- 性别限制内外层都写
select * from students where high>(select avg(age) from students;)-- 查询出高于平均身高的信息
--列级子查询
select * from students where cls_id in (select id from classes)-- 查询学生的班级号能够对应的学生信息