OS模块系统学习

泡在水果里的冰

已于 2022-05-25 19:20:11 修改

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文章标签： python

于 2022-01-10 17:28:37 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_45736572/article/details/122404744

版权

1.获取当前的工作路径：os.getcwd()

os.getcwd()
输出结果：
**************************** 得到当前的工作路径 **************************************************
D:\电源系统-大数据\大数据\ZRTpycharm\try

获取某一路径下的所有文件夹和文件：os.listdir()

os.listdir('D:\ExtraWarningRoutine\OriginData\SWD1')
输出结果：
****************************** 获取路径下所有文件夹和文件 **************************************************
['file0', 'file1', 'file2', 'file3', 'file4', 'file5', 'file6', 'file7', 'file8', 'get_time_co.txt', 'result_txt_co.csv', 'result_txt_co.txt']

SWD1下的每一个文件和文件夹都遍历出来了
3. 深层次遍历路径下所有的文件夹和文件(不仅停留在第一层) os.walk()

for root, dirs, files in os.walk('D:\ExtraWarningRoutine\OriginData'):

部分输出结果：
****************************** 完全深层次地遍历路径下所有的文件夹和文件
root D:\ExtraWarningRoutine\OriginData
dirs ['SWD1', 'SWD2', 'SWD3', 'SWD4', 'SWD5', 'SWD6', 'SWD7']
files []
******************************
root D:\ExtraWarningRoutine\OriginData\SWD1
dirs ['file0', 'file1', 'file2', 'file3', 'file4', 'file5', 'file6', 'file7', 'file8']
files ['get_time_co.txt', 'result_txt_co.csv', 'result_txt_co.txt']
******************************
root D:\ExtraWarningRoutine\OriginData\SWD1\file0
dirs ['result', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W0HN043855', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W0HN045069', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W0HN045394', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W0HN045430', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W0HN046240', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W0HN057531', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W0HN058453', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W0HN059229', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W1HN018768', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W1HN018804', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W1HN018821', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W1HN018835', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W1HN019774', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W1HN019788', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W1HN019807', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W1HN020150', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W1HN020438', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W1HN020441', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W1HN020827', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W1HN020830', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W1HN021220', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W1HN021234', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W1HN022254', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W1HN022352', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W1HN026451', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W1HN026479', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W1HN027003', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W1HN027017', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W1HN027292', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W1HN027311', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W1HN027759', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W1HN027776', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W1HN031309', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W1HN031312', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W1HN033514', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W1HN036008', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W1HN036378', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W1HN036395', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W1HN036798', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W1HN036820', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W1HN036834', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W1HN036848', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W1HN036851', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W1HN036865', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W1HN036879', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W1HN036882', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W1HN037207', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W1HN037210', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W1HN037319', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W1HN038020', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W1HN038051', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W1HN038082', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W1HN038146', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W1HN039376', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W1HN039703', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W1HN039717', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W1HN040124', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W1HN045078', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W1HN057554', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W1HN058462', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W2HN018777', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W2HN018827', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W2HN019802', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W2HN020156', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W2HN020173', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W2HN020187', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W2HN020190', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W2HN020478', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W2HN020819', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W2HN020836', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W2HN021582', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W2HN021887', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W2HN021906', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W2HN021923', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W2HN022263', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W2HN022358', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W2HN022361', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W2HN024353', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W2HN026068', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W2HN026099', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W2HN026104', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W2HN026653', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W2HN026989', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W2HN027026', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W2HN027303', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W2HN027334', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W2HN027589', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W2HN027608', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W2HN027768', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W2HN031318', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W2HN035224', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W2HN035577', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W2HN035952', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W2HN035983', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W2HN035997', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W2HN036387', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W2HN036437', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W2HN036454', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W2HN036874', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W2HN036888', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W2HN036891', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W2HN038009', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W2HN038012', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W2HN038429', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W2HN039712', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W2HN039726', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W2HN042366', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W2HN043470', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W2HN043498', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W2HN057918', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W2HN057952', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W2HN057966', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W2HN059605', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W3HN024359', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W3HN038424', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W3HN038441', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W3HN039394', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W3HN039718', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W3HN045423', 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'Vin=L6T78Y4W6HN020855', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W6HN021200', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W6HN021214', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W6HN021889', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W6HN021892', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W6HN021911', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W6HN022251', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W6HN022539', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W6HN026087', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W6HN026476', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W6HN026655', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W6HN026669', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W6HN026672', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W6HN026977', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W6HN027014', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W6HN027322', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W6HN027594', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W6HN027756', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W6HN028650', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W6HN031306', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W6HN031323', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W6HN036425', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W6HN036778', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W6HN036859', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W6HN036893', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W6HN037719', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W6HN039356', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W6HN046601', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W7FN068670', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W7HN018788', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W7HN018791', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W7HN018807', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W7HN018824', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W7HN018869', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W7HN019441', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W7HN019780', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W7HN020153', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W7HN020167', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W7HN020475', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W7HN020489', 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'Vin=L6T78Y4W7HN057915', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W7HN057932', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W7HN058384', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W7HN058451', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W7HN058823', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W7HN059227', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W7HN059633', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W7HN059678', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W7HN060037', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W8HN018816', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W8HN018833', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W8HN018850', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W8HN018864', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W8HN019416', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W8HN019772', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W8HN020825', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W8HN020839', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W8HN020842', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W8HN020856', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W8HN021893', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W8HN021909', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W8HN021926', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W8HN026088', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W8HN026091', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W8HN026110', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W8HN026124', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W8HN026463', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W8HN026480', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W8HN026656', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W8HN026690', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W8HN026978', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W8HN026995', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W8HN027001', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W8HN027757', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W8HN027760', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W8HN028343', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W8HN031310', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W8HN031341', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W8HN033607', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W8HN034952', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W8HN035972', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W8HN036359', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W8HN036393', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W8HN036796', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W8HN036815', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W8HN036829', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W8HN036846', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W8HN036880', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W8HN038015', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W8HN038032', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W8HN038418', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W8HN038435', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W8HN039374', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W8HN043831', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W8HN045398', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W8HN055803', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W8HN055817', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W8HN058359', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W8HN058832', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W8HN066719', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W9HN017870', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W9HN026469', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W9HN026486', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W9HN026696', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W9HN027024', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W9HN027640', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W9HN027752', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W9HN028013', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W9HN028660', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W9HN031347', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W9HN031350', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W9HN036418', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W9HN036855', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W9HN036872', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W9HN036905', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W9HN037214', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W9HN040081', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W9HN043529', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W9HN043546', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W9HN043854', 'Vin=L6T78Y4W9HN046284', 'Vin=L6T78Y4WXHN018767', 'Vin=L6T78Y4WXHN018784', 'Vin=L6T78Y4WXHN018817', 'Vin=L6T78Y4WXHN018834', 'Vin=L6T78Y4WXHN018848', 'Vin=L6T78Y4WXHN026089', 'Vin=L6T78Y4WXHN026447', 'Vin=L6T78Y4WXHN026464', 'Vin=L6T78Y4WXHN026660', 'Vin=L6T78Y4WXHN027002', 'Vin=L6T78Y4WXHN027307', 'Vin=L6T78Y4WXHN027775', 'Vin=L6T78Y4WXHN031308', 'Vin=L6T78Y4WXHN031311', 'Vin=L6T78Y4WXHN034953', 'Vin=L6T78Y4WXHN035939', 'Vin=L6T78Y4WXHN035956', 'Vin=L6T78Y4WXHN035990', 'Vin=L6T78Y4WXHN039375', 'Vin=L6T78Y4WXHN039697', 'Vin=L6T78Y4WXHN039702', 'Vin=L6T78Y4WXHN043832', 'Vin=L6T78Y4WXHN055852', 'Vin=L6T78Y4WXHN058458', 'Vin=LB378Y4W3HA085402', 'Vin=LB378Y4W3HA086033', 'Vin=LB378Y4W3HA086839', 'Vin=LB378Y4W4HA085666', 'Vin=LB378Y4W4HA085778', 'Vin=LB378Y4W5HA085529', 'Vin=LB378Y4W5HA086759', 'Vin=LB378Y4W6HA086074', 'Vin=LB378Y4W7HA085659', 'Vin=LB378Y4W7HA085905', 'Vin=LB378Y4W7HA086472', 'Vin=LB378Y4W8HA085069', 'Vin=LB378Y4W8HA085296', 'Vin=LB378Y4W8HA086500', 'Vin=LB378Y4W9HA086795', 'Vin=LB378Y4WXHA085462']
files ['get_time.csv', 'result.xlsx', '_SUCCESS']
******************************
root D:\ExtraWarningRoutine\OriginData\SWD1\file0\result
dirs ['result']
files ['result.txt']
******************************
root D:\ExtraWarningRoutine\OriginData\SWD1\file0\result\result
dirs []
files []

依次分析：
originData

首先进入originData这个文件夹中，程序
返回路径为(roots)(str类型)：D:\ExtraWarningRoutine\OriginData
返回该路径下文件夹有(dirs)(lsit类型)：[SWD1,SWD2,SWD3…SWD7];
返回该路径下的文件有(files):[] (该路径下没有文件)；

然后进入originData路径下的第一个文件夹：SWD1:
返回路径为(roots): D:\ExtraWarningRoutine\OriginData\SWD1
返回该路径下的文件夹有(dirs):file0,file1…，file8
返回该路径下包含的文件有**(list类型)**(files):[get_time_co.txt,result_txt_co.csv,result_txt_co.txt]三个文件

再进入SWD1这个文件夹下的第一个文件夹：file0
返回路径为：D:\ExtraWarningRoutine\OriginData\SWD1\file0
返回该文件夹下的文件夹有：[result,Vin=L6T78Y4W0HN043855…Vin=LB378Y4WXHA085462]
返回该文件夹下的文件有：
[‘get_time.csv’, ‘result.xlsx’, ‘_SUCCESS’]

之后再进入这个文件夹下的第一个文件夹… 依次类推，直到读完originData这个文件下下的所有的文件夹和所有的文件为止；

对于3中输出的结果，可用**os.path.join(roots,files)**获得一个完整的文件路径(将两个路径拼接成一个路径)（这样就不用path1+‘\’+path2）

os.path.join(roots,dirs[0])
输出结果：
D:\ExtraWarningRoutine\OriginData\SWD1

5.判断文件夹是否存在 os.path.exist()

os.path.exists('D:\ExtraWarningRoutine\OriginData')
输出结果：
True

6.创建单个文件夹： os.mkdir(path)
(只能在一个存在的目录下创建一个文件夹)
传入一个path路径，创建单个文件夹；但必须保证这个文件夹不存在，否则会报错！！！（因此要先删除，再创建）

#  如果这个文件夹存在
if os.path.exists(path):
	shutil.rmtree(path)  #删除这个文件夹
os.mkdir(path)  # 再创建这个文件夹

在一个不存在的文件夹下创建一个文件夹： os.makedirs(path)
会自动创建中间文件夹
同样如果文件夹存在就会报错

if os.path.exists(path):
	shutil.remove(path)
os.makedirs(path)

关于os模块的删除文件和文件夹：os.remove rmdir removedirs rmtree

1.删除一个文件
os.remove(path)
2.删除一个空文件夹(只能是空文件夹)
os.rmdir(path)
10. 删除一个包含空文件夹的文件夹
os.removedirs(path)
11. 删除一个包含有文件的文件夹
 shutil.rmtree(path)

10.os.path.split(path)：将一个绝对路径拆分为 (路径,文件名)(元组类型)

path=os.path.split(r'D:\ExtraWarningRoutine\OriginData\SWD1\file0\Vin=L6T78Y4W0HN043855\part-00000-49be7cdb-5852-45d1-9d26-db9d9567a4e4.c000.csv')
print(path)
print(type(path))
输出结果：
('D:\\ExtraWarningRoutine\\OriginData\\SWD1\\file0\\Vin=L6T78Y4W0HN043855', 'part-00000-49be7cdb-5852-45d1-9d26-db9d9567a4e4.c000.csv')
<class 'tuple'>

11.获取文件或文件夹的上一个路径：os.path.dirname(path)

path=os.path.dirname(r'D:\ExtraWarningRoutine\OriginData\SWD1\file0\Vin=L6T78Y4W0HN043855\part-00000-49be7cdb-5852-45d1-9d26-db9d9567a4e4.c000.csv')
print(path)
输出结果：
D:\ExtraWarningRoutine\OriginData\SWD1\file0\Vin=L6T78Y4W0HN043855

path=os.path.dirname(r'D:\ExtraWarningRoutine\OriginData\SWD1\file0\Vin=L6T78Y4W0HN043855')
print(path)
输出结果：
D:\ExtraWarningRoutine\OriginData\SWD1\file0

获取路径中的最后一个部分，舍弃前面的路径 os.path.basename(path)

path=os.path.basename(r'D:\ExtraWarningRoutine\OriginData\SWD1\file0\Vin=L6T78Y4W0HN043855')
print(path)
输出结果：
Vin=L6T78Y4W0HN043855

path=os.path.basename(r'D:\ExtraWarningRoutine\OriginData\SWD1\file0\Vin=L6T78Y4W0HN043855\part-00000-49be7cdb-5852-45d1-9d26-db9d9567a4e4.c000.csv')
print(path)
输出结果：
part-00000-49be7cdb-5852-45d1-9d26-db9d9567a4e4.c000.csv

判断一个路径是否为文件夹os.path.isdir(path)、判断一个路径是否为文件：os.path.isfile

print(os.path.isdir(r'D:\ExtraWarningRoutine\OriginData\SWD1\file0\Vin=L6T78Y4W0HN043855'))
输出结果：
True
print(os.path.isdir(r'D:\ExtraWarningRoutine\OriginData\SWD1\file0\Vin=L6T78Y4W0HN043855\part-00000-49be7cdb-5852-45d1-9d26-db9d9567a4e4.c000.csv'))
输出结果：
False

print(os.path.isfile(r'D:\ExtraWarningRoutine\OriginData\SWD1\file0\Vin=L6T78Y4W0HN043855\part-00000-49be7cdb-5852-45d1-9d26-db9d9567a4e4.c000.csv'))
输出结果：
True

14.返回当前操作系统的路径分隔符os.path.sep

print(os.path.sep)
输出结果：
\

15.获取文件的大小os.path.getsize(path)

print(os.path.getsize(r'D:\ExtraWarningRoutine\OriginData\SWD1\file0\Vin=L6T78Y4W0HN043855\part-00000-49be7cdb-5852-45d1-9d26-db9d9567a4e4.c000.csv'))
输出结果：
59048    #单位：字节

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OS模块系统学习

1.获取当前的工作路径：os.getcwd()os.getcwd()输出结果：**************************** 得到当前的工作路径 **************************************************D:\电源系统-大数据\大数据\ZRTpycharm\try获取某一路径下的所有文件夹和文件：os.listdir()os.listdir('D:\ExtraWarningRoutine\OriginData\SWD1')输出结果：*
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