Shiro 简介:
Apache Shiro是一个强大且易用的Java安全框架,执行身份验证、授权、密码和会话管理。
使用Shiro的易于理解的API,您可以快速、轻松地获得任何应用程序,从最小的移动应用程序到最大的网络和企业应用程序。
Shiro 主要功能:
三个核心组件:Subject, SecurityManager 和 Realms.
Subject:即“当前操作用户”。但是,在Shiro中,Subject这一概念并不仅仅指人,也可以是第三方进程、后台帐户(Daemon Account)或其他类似事物。它仅仅意味着“当前跟软件交互的东西”。
Subject代表了当前用户的安全操作!
SecurityManager:它是Shiro框架的核心,典型的Facade模式,Shiro通过SecurityManager来管理内部组件实例,并通过它来提供安全管理的各种服务。
SecurityManager则管理所有用户的安全操作!
Realm: Realm充当了Shiro与应用安全数据间的“桥梁”或者“连接器”。也就是说,当对用户执行认证(登录)和授权(访问控制)验证时,Shiro会从应用配置的Realm中查找用户及其权限信息。
导入依赖:
<dependencies>
<!--核心shiro依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.shiro</groupId>
<artifactId>shiro-core</artifactId>
<version>1.4.1</version>
</dependency>
<!--日志门面-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>jcl-over-slf4j</artifactId>
<version>1.7.25</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
<version>1.7.36</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>1.2.17</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
在resource下创建log4j.properties
log4j.rootLogger=INFo,appender
log4j.appender.appender=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.appender.layout=org.apache.log4j.TTCCLayout
log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.consoleAppender
log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%d %p [%c] - %m %n
#General Apache libraries
log4j.logger.org.apache=WARN
#Spring
log4j.logger.org.springframework=WARN
#Default Shiro Logging
log4j.logger.org.apache.shiro=INFO
#Disable verbose Logging
log4j.logger.org.apache.shiro.util.ThreadContext=WARN
log4j.logger.org.apache.shiro.cache.ehcache.EhCache=WARN
在resource下创建shiro.ini
[users]
root = secret, admin
guest = guest, guest
presidentskroob = 12345, president
darkhelmet = ludicrousspeed, darklord, schwartz
lonestarr = vespa, goodguy, schwartz
[roles]
admin = *
schwartz = lightsaber:*
goodguy = winnebago:drive:eagle5
配置ini,若不显示高亮,可添加如下插件!
创建Quickstart类:(这个很重要,要反复多看!)
package com.jin;
import org.apache.shiro.SecurityUtils;
import org.apache.shiro.authc.*;
import org.apache.shiro.mgt.DefaultSecurityManager;
import org.apache.shiro.realm.text.IniRealm;
import org.apache.shiro.session.Session;
import org.apache.shiro.subject.Subject;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
/**
* Simple Quickstart application showing how to use Shiro's API.
*
* @since 0.9 RC2
*/
public class Quickstart {
//日志(框架)输出
private static final transient Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Quickstart.class);
public static void main(String[] args) {
// The easiest way to create a Shiro SecurityManager with configured
// realms, users, roles and permissions is to use the simple INI config.
// We'll do that by using a factory that can ingest a .ini file and
// return a SecurityManager instance:
/**
* // 创建 Shiro 安全管理器 的最简单方法
* // 领域、用户、角色和权限是使用简单的 INI 配置。
* // 我们将通过使用一个可以摄取 .ini 文件的工厂来做到这一点
* // 返回一个 SecurityManager(安全管理器) 实例:
*/
// Use the shiro.ini file at the root of the classpath
// (file: and url: prefixes load from files and urls respectively):
/**
* // 使用类路径根目录下的 shiro.ini 文件
* // (file: 和 url: 前缀分别从文件和 url 加载):
*/
DefaultSecurityManager defaultSecurityManager=new DefaultSecurityManager();
IniRealm iniRealm=new IniRealm("classpath:shiro.ini");
defaultSecurityManager.setRealm(iniRealm);
// for this simple example quickstart, make the SecurityManager
// accessible as a JVM singleton. Most applications wouldn't do this
// and instead rely on their container configuration or web.xml for
// webapps. That is outside the scope of this simple quickstart, so
// we'll just do the bare minimum so you can continue to get a feel
// for things.
/**
* // 对于这个简单的示例快速入门,创建 SecurityManager
* // 可作为 JVM 单例访问。 大多数应用程序不会这样做
* // 而是依赖他们的容器配置或 web.xml
* // 网络应用程序。 这超出了这个简单快速入门的范围,所以
* // 我们只做最低限度的工作,这样您就可以继续感受事物。
*/
SecurityUtils.setSecurityManager(defaultSecurityManager);
// Now that a simple Shiro environment is set up, let's see what you can do:
/**
* // 现在一个简单的 Shiro 环境已经搭建好了,让我们看看你能做什么:
*/
// get the currently executing user:
/**
* // 获取当前正在执行的用户:
*/
// 获取当前的用户对象 Subject
Subject currentUser = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
// Do some stuff with a Session (no need for a web or EJB container!!!)
/**
* // 使用 Session 做一些事情(不需要 Web 或 EJB 容器!!!)
*/
//通过当前用户拿到Session
Session session = currentUser.getSession();
session.setAttribute("someKey", "aValue");
String value = (String) session.getAttribute("someKey");
if (value.equals("aValue")) {
//打印取值
log.info("Retrieved the correct value! [" + value + "]");
}
// let's login the current user so we can check against roles and permissions:
/**
* // 让我们登录当前用户,以便我们检查角色和权限:
*/
//判断当前用户是否被认证~
if (!currentUser.isAuthenticated()) {
//Token : 令牌 ! 没有获取 ,随机
UsernamePasswordToken token = new UsernamePasswordToken("lonestarr", "vespa");
//设置记住我
token.setRememberMe(true);
try {
// 执行登录操作~
currentUser.login(token);
} catch (UnknownAccountException uae) {
log.info("There is no user with username of " + token.getPrincipal());
} catch (IncorrectCredentialsException ice) {
log.info("Password for account " + token.getPrincipal() + " was incorrect!");
} catch (LockedAccountException lae) {
log.info("The account for username " + token.getPrincipal() + " is locked. " +
"Please contact your administrator to unlock it.");
}
// ... catch more exceptions here (maybe custom ones specific to your application?
/**
* // ...在此处捕获更多异常(可能是特定于您的应用程序的自定义异常?
*/
catch (AuthenticationException ae) {
//unexpected condition? error?
/**
* //意外情况? 错误?
*/
}
}
//say who they are:
//print their identifying principal (in this case, a username):
/**
* //说出他们是谁:
* //打印他们的识别主体(在本例中为用户名):
*/
log.info("User [" + currentUser.getPrincipal() + "] logged in successfully.");
//test a role:
/**
* //测试一个角色:
*/
if (currentUser.hasRole("schwartz")) {
log.info("May the Schwartz be with you!");
} else {
log.info("Hello, mere mortal.");
}
//test a typed permission (not instance-level)
/**
* //测试一个类型化的权限(不是实例级别的)
*/
//粗粒度
if (currentUser.isPermitted("lightsaber:wield")) {
log.info("You may use a lightsaber ring. Use it wisely.");
} else {
log.info("Sorry, lightsaber rings are for schwartz masters only.");
}
//a (very powerful) Instance Level permission:
/**
* //一个(非常强大的)实例级权限:
*/
//细粒度
if (currentUser.isPermitted("winnebago:drive:eagle5")) {
log.info("You are permitted to 'drive' the winnebago with license plate (id) 'eagle5'. " +
"Here are the keys - have fun!");
} else {
log.info("Sorry, you aren't allowed to drive the 'eagle5' winnebago!");
}
//all done - log out!
/**
* //全部完成 - 退出!
*/
currentUser.logout();
//结束系统!
System.exit(0);
}
}