Python日记Day_4 if语句

《Python编程从入门到实践》

第五章 if语句

零. 实例引入

简单实例，理解语法，注意缩进。不同于C语言if()，这里if+判别语句 ：（冒号不要丢了！！）else ：（也需要冒号）

competitors=["jacklove",'theshy','Feaker',"Rookie"]
for x in competitors:
    if x == 'theshy':
        print(x.title())
    else:
        print(x)

jacklove
Theshy
Feaker
Rookie

①. 条件测试
这一部分内容是用Python自带的Shell编辑器的，原理很好懂，看书即可。不做赘述。
关键字in让Python检查某元素是否在列表里。not in 就是不在咯

>>> age_1=12
>>> age_2=24
>>> age_1<=20 and age_2>=20
True
>>> age_1=12
>>> age_2=24
>>> age_1<=10 or age_2>=20
True
>>> competitors=["jacklove",'theshy','Feaker',"Rookie"]
>>> 'theshy'in competitors
True
competitors=["jacklove",'theshy','Feaker',"Rookie"]
if 'uzi'.title() not in competitors:
    print('uzi'.title()+" "+'is not in competitors'+'.')
    
Uzi is not in competitors.

2. if语句
缩进十分重要！！ 如果if判断的条件为真，执行所有缩进的代码行。反之，忽略所有。
if-else语句 ， if-elif-else语句，if-elif-elif-…语句。类似于分段函数的分段区间，在不互通的判断条件下，执行不同的语句。结束不带else（省略else的代码块）的好处很明显，不会判别与所给条件以外的其他值。

age =18
if age<10:
    print("Sorry,you are too young.")
elif age>=18:
    print("You can come in.")

You can come in.

易错：测试多个条件

competitors=["jacklove",'theshy','Feaker',"Rookie"]
if 'jacklove' in competitors:
    print(competitors[0].title()+' is in the competitors.')
if 'theshy' in competitors:
    print(competitors[1].title() + ' is in the competitors.')
    #
competitors=["jacklove",'theshy','Feaker',"Rookie"]
if 'jacklove' in competitors:
    print(competitors[0].title()+' is in the competitors.')
elif 'theshy' in competitors:
    print(competitors[1].title() + ' is in the competitors.')

Jacklove is in the competitors.
Theshy is in the competitors.
#
Jacklove is in the competitors.

可以看到，代码不能正确运行。因为在 if-elif-… 中，有一个测试通过了，就会跳过余下的测试。

②. 使用if语句处理列表
注意缩进

competitors=["jacklove",'theshy','Feaker',"Rookie"]
for x in competitors:
    if x=='theshy':
        print(x+' is not in the team.')
    else:
        print(x+' is in the team.')

jacklove is in the team.
theshy is not in the team.
Feaker is in the team.
Rookie is in the team.

特别提醒： 在if语句中，如果列表名用在条件表达式中。只要列表不为空，其逻辑值均为True。

competitors=[]
if competitors:
    for x in competitors:
        print(x + ' is in the team.')
else:
    print('No one is in the team.')

No one is in the team.

使用多个列表

competitors=["jacklove",'theshy','Feaker',"Rookie"]
competitors_01=["jacklove",'theshy','Leyan']
for x in competitors_01:
    if x in competitors:
        print(x+' is in the team.')
    else:
        print(x+' is not in the team.')

jacklove is in the team.
theshy is in the team.
Leyan is not in the team.

小细节：设置if语句的格式

if a<0:
if a < 0:

下面这句指令更方便阅读。