linux安装oracle19c补充，及解决上下左右乱码问题

linux安装oracle19c补充

软件准备：LINUX.X64_193000_db_home.zip
oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm //安装后就会在/etc/profile等文件添加oracle相关的信息，也会创建Oracle账号和group。
oracle-database-ee-19c-1.0-1.x86_64.rpm
根目录下创建/soft 和 /u01目录并将上面文件移动到/soft下
安装前准备：

[root@huislee soft]# ll
total 2988016
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 3059705302 Aug 24 17:25 LINUX.X64_193000_db_home.zip
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root      18204 Aug 24 17:25 oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@huislee soft]# rpm -qa|wc -l
1770
[root@huislee soft]# id oracle
id: oracle: no such user
[root@huislee soft]# grep oinstall /etc/group
[root@huislee soft]# rpm-ivh oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
bash: rpm-ivh: command not found...
[root@huislee soft]# rpm -ivh oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
warning: oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID ec551f03: NOKEY
error: Failed dependencies:
        compat-libstdc++-33 is needed by oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64
        ksh is needed by oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64
        libaio-devel is needed by oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64

RedHat7配置yum,解决This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management的问题
首先进行更新源:yum update

[root@huislee soft]# yum update
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, product-id, subscription-manager
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package 389-ds-base.x86_64 0:1.3.1.6-25.el7 will be obsoleted
---> Package 389-ds-base.x86_64 0:1.3.10.1-14.el7_8 will be obsoleting
--> Processing Dependency: gperftools-libs for package: 389-ds-base-1.3.10.1-14.el7_8.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libtcmalloc.so.4()(64bit) for package: 389-ds-base-1.3.10.1-14.el7_8.x86_64
---> Package 389-ds-base-libs.x86_64 0:1.3.1.6-25.el7 will be updated
.......

然后执行命令：

[root@huislee soft]# yum localinstall oracle-database-preinstall-19c-1.0-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 

```bash

Installed:
oracle-database-preinstall-19c.x86_64 0:1.0-1.el7

Dependency Installed:
compat-libstdc+±33.x86_64 0:3.2.3-72.el7 ksh.x86_64 0:20120801-142.el7
libaio-devel.x86_64 0:0.3.109-13.el7

Dependency Updated:
libaio.x86_64 0:0.3.109-13.el7

Complete!
[root@huislee soft]# id oracle
uid=54321(oracle) gid=54321(oinstall) groups=54321(oinstall),54322(dba),54323(oper),54324(backupdba),54325(dgdba),54326(kmdba),54330(racdba)
[root@huislee soft]# grep oinstall /etc/group
oinstall❌54321:oracle
[root@huislee soft]# less /etc/profile

完成准备工作，开始安装ORACLE
1.创建目录并修改权限

```bash
[root@huislee u01]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1
[root@huislee u01]# chown oracle.oinstall /u01 -R

添加环境变量：

[root@huislee Desktop]# vi /home/oracle/.bash_profile 

export PATH
export TMP=/tmp
export TMPDIR=$TMP
export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=bedo19
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1
export ORA_INVENTORY=/u01/app/oraInventory
export ORACLE_SID=cdb1
export PDB_NAME=pdb1
export DATA_DIR=/u02/oradata
export PATH=/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:$PATH
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
#export DISPLAY=192.168.3.6:0.0
export DISPLAY=:0.0

2.进入目录下解压zip包
切换为Oracle用户再解压

[root@huislee dbhome_1]# pwd
/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1
[root@huislee dbhome_1]# unzip /soft/LINUX.X64_193000_db_home.zip 

使用图形化界面安装：

//先在root下安装xclock并执行xhost +
[root@huislee Desktop]# yum install xclock
[root@huislee Desktop]# xhost +
//然后在oracle下执行
[oracle@huislee dbhome_1]$ xclock 

如果弹出如下图则可正常使用图形化安装，否则先执行：export DISPLAY=:0.0
在解压目录下用oracle登录后执行命令出现如下错误解决办法：
vi /etc/hosts
此处采用先安装软件再创建实例；若是想安装软件同时创建实例第一步就选第一个

注意：弹出如下框时按照要求启动新终端以root方式运行这2个脚本

[root@huislee Desktop]# /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
Changing permissions of /u01/app/oraInventory.
Adding read,write permissions for group.
Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.

Changing groupname of /u01/app/oraInventory to oinstall.
The execution of the script is complete.
[root@huislee Desktop]# /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1/root.sh
Performing root user operation.

The following environment variables are set as:
    ORACLE_OWNER= oracle
    ORACLE_HOME=  /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1

Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]: 
   Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...
   Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
   Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...


Creating /etc/oratab file...
Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by
Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created
Finished running generic part of root script.
Now product-specific root actions will be performed.
Oracle Trace File Analyzer (TFA - Standalone Mode) is available at :
    /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1/bin/tfactl

Note :
1. tfactl will use TFA Service if that service is running and user has been granted access
2. tfactl will configure TFA Standalone Mode only if user has no access to TFA Service or TFA is not installed

至此软件安装成功。
安装好之后就会在$ORACLE_HOME/bin有命令：DBCA DBUA SQLPLUS RMAN NETCA NETMR.
数据库实例安装：
单实例：一个实例对应一个库，数据库服务器；
多实例：多个实例对应一个库，集群。

oracle用户下执行dbca


创建数据库完成。

解决SQL中不能使用上下左右键，出现乱码问题

[oracle@huislee soft]$ tar -zxvf rlwrap-0.42.tar.gz 
[oracle@huislee soft]$ cd rlwrap-0.42/
[oracle@huislee rlwrap-0.42]$ yum install readline* -y
[oracle@huislee rlwrap-0.42]$ ./configure 
[oracle@huislee rlwrap-0.42]$ make install
[oracle@huislee:/home/oracle]$vim .bash_profile 
//末行添加以下代码

alias sqlplus="rlwrap sqlplus"
alias rman="rlwrap rman"
alias ggsci="rlwrap ggsci"
//使之生效
[oracle@huislee:/home/oracle]$source .bash_profile 
[oracle@huislee:/home/oracle]$sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Wed Aug 26 17:40:21 2020
Version 19.3.0.0.0

Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> quit
Disconnected
[oracle@huislee:/home/oracle]$vim .bash_profile 
[oracle@huislee:/home/oracle]$sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Wed Aug 26 17:45:27 2020
Version 19.3.0.0.0

Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> quit
//此时就可以正常使用上下左右键了。