今天重构一个项目,需要在一个项目中连多个mysql数据库,搜了一下,发现网上有不少,我用的是python3.6.9+django2.2.6
1.在settings.py里配置你需要连的数据库
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
'NAME': 'test1',
'USER': 'root',
'PASSWORD': '12345',
'HOST': '127.0.0.1',
'PORT': '3306'
},
'local': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
'NAME': 'test2',
'USER': 'root',
'PASSWORD': '12345',
'HOST': '127.0.0.1',
'PORT': '3306'
}
}
# projectname换成你自己的项目名啊!!!
DATABASE_ROUTERS = [projectname.database_router.DatabaseAppsRouter]
DATABASES_APPS_MAPPING = {
# 格式是{appname:对应的DATABASES.key}
# 哪个app对应哪个数据库
'appname1': 'default',
'appname2': 'local',
# 这四个最好加上,而且就在一个库里
'admin': 'default',
'auth': 'default',
'contenttypes': 'default',
'sessions': 'default',
}
2.settings同级目录下创建database_router.py文件,直接粘贴下面代码即可
# coding: utf-8
from django.conf import settings
DATABASE_MAPPING = settings.DATABASES_APPS_MAPPING
class DatabaseAppsRouter():
"""
A router to control all database operations on models for different
databases.
In case an app is not set in settings.DATABASE_APPS_MAPPING, the router
will fallback to the `default` database.
Settings example:
DATABASE_APPS_MAPPING = {'app1': 'db1', 'app2': 'db2'}
"""
def db_for_read(self, model, **hints):
""""Point all read operations to the specific database."""
"""将所有读操作指向特定的数据库。"""
if model._meta.app_label in DATABASE_MAPPING:
return DATABASE_MAPPING[model._meta.app_label]
return None
def db_for_write(self, model, **hints):
"""Point all write operations to the specific database."""
"""将所有写操作指向特定的数据库。"""
if model._meta.app_label in DATABASE_MAPPING:
return DATABASE_MAPPING[model._meta.app_label]
return None
def allow_relation(self, obj1, obj2, **hints):
"""Allow any relation between apps that use the same database."""
"""允许使用相同数据库的应用程序之间的任何关系"""
db_obj1 = DATABASE_MAPPING.get(obj1._meta.app_label)
db_obj2 = DATABASE_MAPPING.get(obj2._meta.app_label)
if db_obj1 and db_obj2:
if db_obj1 == db_obj2:
return True
else:
return False
else:
return None
def allow_syncdb(self, db, model):
"""Make sure that apps only appear in the related database."""
"""确保这些应用程序只出现在相关的数据库中。"""
if db in DATABASE_MAPPING.values():
return DATABASE_MAPPING.get(model._meta.app_label) == db
elif model._meta.app_label in DATABASE_MAPPING:
return False
return None
def allow_migrate(self, db, app_label, model=None, **hints):
"""Make sure the auth app only appears in the 'auth_db' database."""
"""确保身份验证应用程序只出现在“authdb”数据库中。"""
if db in DATABASE_MAPPING.values():
return DATABASE_MAPPING.get(app_label) == db
elif app_label in DATABASE_MAPPING:
return False
return None
3.在model中加两行,在app_label项添加你想添加的库所对应的appname,如果是想指定的库是default,那写不写app_label都行了,不写就默认到default
from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
class Infor(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=128)
path = models.CharField(max_length=128)
class Meta:
#添加即可,
app_label='appname2'
4.正常执行python3 manage.py makemigrations,重要的来了!!!
执行python3 manage.py migrate的时候先执行除default之外的库,python3 manage.py migrate --database=‘local’,不知道local是代表什么的同学去settings配置中搂一眼。不管你几个库,先执行完你除default之外的库,再执行python3 manage.py migrate来执行default库,这样就好了,在你的视图中随便调吧
ps。。。
如果你是在一个app中就要对应两个数据库,除了使用default之外,也可以创建一个空的app,来与你多出来的库实现对应,多余的app就在放着也没啥事,注册的时候随意吧,我都试了,在本app中或者原app,都没啥事,在django后台管理是有一个对应关系的,你们可以看一下,试一下。
我在整个过程里就是settings.py的设置上,写DATABASES_APPS_MAPPING的时候我以为就是随便起个名,然后再app_label中对应好就行,好傻,耽误了两天,各位一定要记住是{appname:对应的DATABASES.key}