一起来学 SpringBoot 2.x | 第二十七篇优雅解决分布式限流-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_45811927/article/details/140327506

*在前面的两篇文章中，介绍了一些限流的类型和策略，本篇从

Spring Boot、Redis 应用层面来实现分布式的限流….

分布式限流
单机版中我们了解到 AtomicInteger、RateLimiter、Semaphore 这几种解决方案，但它们也仅仅是单机的解决手段，在集群环境下就透心凉了，后面又讲述了 Nginx 的限流手段，可它又属于网关层面的策略之一，并不能解决所有问题。例如供短信接口，你无法保证消费方是否会做好限流控制，所以自己在应用层实现限流还是很有必要的。

本章目标利用
自定义注解、Spring Aop、Redis Cache 实现分布式限流….

具体代码很简单…
导入依赖在
pom.xml 中添加上 starter-web、starter-aop、starter-data-redis 的依赖即可，习惯了使用 commons-lang3 和 guava 中的一些工具包…

<dependencies>

<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-aop</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.google.guava</groupId>
<artifactId>guava</artifactId>
<version>21.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>

属性配置在
application.properites 资源文件中添加 redis 相关的配置项

spring.redis.host=localhost
spring.redis.port=6379
spring.redis.password=battcn

Limit 注解创建一个
Limit 注解，不多说注释都给各位写齐全了….

package com.battcn.limiter.annotation;

import com.battcn.limiter.LimitType;

import java.lang.annotation.*;

@Target({ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Inherited
@Documented
public @interface Limit {

String name() default "";

String key() default "";

String prefix() default "";

int period();

int count();

LimitType limitType() default LimitType.CUSTOMER;
}

public enum LimitType {

CUSTOMER,

IP;
}

RedisTemplate 默认情况下
spring-boot-data-redis 为我们提供了StringRedisTemplate 但是满足不了其它类型的转换，所以还是得自己去定义其它类型的模板….

package com.battcn.limiter;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.lettuce.LettuceConnectionFactory;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate;
import org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.GenericJackson2JsonRedisSerializer;
import org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.StringRedisSerializer;

import java.io.Serializable;

@Configuration
public class RedisLimiterHelper {

@Bean
public RedisTemplate<String, Serializable> limitRedisTemplate(LettuceConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory) {
RedisTemplate<String, Serializable> template = new RedisTemplate<>();
template.setKeySerializer(new StringRedisSerializer());
template.setValueSerializer(new GenericJackson2JsonRedisSerializer());
template.setConnectionFactory(redisConnectionFactory);
return template;
}
}

Limit 拦截器（AOP）
熟悉 Redis 的朋友都知道它是线程安全的，我们利用它的特性可以实现分布式锁、分布式限流等组件，在一起来学SpringBoot | 第二十三篇：轻松搞定重复提交（分布式锁）中讲述了分布式锁的实现，限流相比它稍微复杂一点，官方虽然没有提供相应的API，但却提供了支持 Lua 脚本的功能，我们可以通过编写 Lua 脚本实现自己的API，同时他是满足原子性的…. 下面核心就是调用 execute 方法传入我们的 Lua 脚本内容，然后通过返回值判断是否超出我们预期的范围，超出则给出错误提示。

package com.battcn.limiter;

import com.battcn.limiter.annotation.Limit;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import org.aspectj.lang.ProceedingJoinPoint;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Around;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;
import org.aspectj.lang.reflect.MethodSignature;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.script.DefaultRedisScript;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.script.RedisScript;
import org.springframework.web.context.request.RequestContextHolder;
import org.springframework.web.context.request.ServletRequestAttributes;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;

@Aspect
@Configuration
public class LimitInterceptor {

private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(LimitInterceptor.class);

private final RedisTemplate<String, Serializable> limitRedisTemplate;

@Autowired
public LimitInterceptor(RedisTemplate<String, Serializable> limitRedisTemplate) {
this.limitRedisTemplate = limitRedisTemplate;
}

@Around("execution(public * *(..)) && @annotation(com.battcn.limiter.annotation.Limit)")
public Object interceptor(ProceedingJoinPoint pjp) {
MethodSignature signature = (MethodSignature) pjp.getSignature();
Method method = signature.getMethod();
Limit limitAnnotation = method.getAnnotation(Limit.class);
LimitType limitType = limitAnnotation.limitType();
String name = limitAnnotation.name();
String key;
int limitPeriod = limitAnnotation.period();
int limitCount = limitAnnotation.count();
switch (limitType) {
case IP:
key = getIpAddress();
break;
case CUSTOMER:

key = limitAnnotation.key();
break;
default:
key = StringUtils.upperCase(method.getName());
}
ImmutableList<String> keys = ImmutableList.of(StringUtils.join(limitAnnotation.prefix(), key));
try {
String luaScript = buildLuaScript();
RedisScript<Number> redisScript = new DefaultRedisScript<>(luaScript, Number.class);
Number count = limitRedisTemplate.execute(redisScript, keys, limitCount, limitPeriod);
logger.info("Access try count is {} for name={} and key = {}", count, name, key);
if (count != null && count.intValue() <= limitCount) {
return pjp.proceed();
} else {
throw new RuntimeException("You have been dragged into the blacklist");
}
} catch (Throwable e) {
if (e instanceof RuntimeException) {
throw new RuntimeException(e.getLocalizedMessage());
}
throw new RuntimeException("server exception");
}
}

public String buildLuaScript() {
StringBuilder lua = new StringBuilder();
lua.append("local c");
lua.append("\nc = redis.call('get',KEYS[1])");

lua.append("\nif c and tonumber(c) > tonumber(ARGV[1]) then");
lua.append("\nreturn c;");
lua.append("\nend");

lua.append("\nc = redis.call('incr',KEYS[1])");
lua.append("\nif tonumber(c) == 1 then");

lua.append("\nredis.call('expire',KEYS[1],ARGV[2])");
lua.append("\nend");
lua.append("\nreturn c;");
return lua.toString();
}

private static final String UNKNOWN = "unknown";

public String getIpAddress() {
HttpServletRequest request = ((ServletRequestAttributes) RequestContextHolder.getRequestAttributes()).getRequest();
String ip = request.getHeader("x-forwarded-for");
if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || UNKNOWN.equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
ip = request.getHeader("Proxy-Client-IP");
}
if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || UNKNOWN.equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
ip = request.getHeader("WL-Proxy-Client-IP");
}
if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || UNKNOWN.equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
ip = request.getRemoteAddr();
}
return ip;
}
}

控制层在接口上添加
@Limit() 注解，如下代码会在 Redis 中生成过期时间为 100s 的 key = test 的记录，特意定义了一个 AtomicInteger 用作测试…

package com.battcn.controller;

import com.battcn.limiter.annotation.Limit;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;

@RestController
public class LimiterController {

private static final AtomicInteger ATOMIC_INTEGER = new AtomicInteger();

@Limit(key = "test", period = 100, count = 10)
@GetMapping("/test")
public int testLimiter() {

return ATOMIC_INTEGER.incrementAndGet();
}
}

主函数就一个普通的不能在普通的主函数类了
package com.battcn;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class Chapter27Application {

public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(Chapter27Application.class, args);
}
}

测试完成准备事项后，启动
Chapter27Application 自行测试即可，测试手段相信大伙都不陌生了，如浏览器、postman、junit、swagger，此处基于 postman，如果你觉得自带的异常信息不够友好，那么配上一起来学SpringBoot | 第十八篇：轻松搞定全局异常可以轻松搞定…

未达设定的阀值时达到设置的阀值时

总结目前很多大佬都写过关于
Spring Boot 的教程了，如有雷同，请多多包涵，本教程基于最新的 spring-boot-starter-parent：2.0.3.RELEASE编写… 本篇文章核心的 Lua 脚本截取自军哥的 Aquarius 开源项目，有兴趣的朋友可以 fork star ，该项目干货满满…