python cookbook学习笔记 -- DAY01

所有可迭代对象可直接解压赋值给多个变量

代码示例

grade = [100,20,30,40,33,55]
first,*middle,last = grade //*middle = [20,30,40,33]
print(avg(middle))

deque可以快速实现队列效果

代码示例

from collections import deque

def dequeTest():
    testList = deque(maxlen=3)
    testList.append(1)
    testList.append(2)
    testList.append(3)
    print(testList)//deque([1, 2, 3], maxlen=3)
    testList.append(4)
    print(testList)	//deque([2, 3, 4], maxlen=3)
    print(list(testList))	//[2,3,4]

heapq可以实现制定数量的最大值或者最小值

代码示例

if __name__ == '__main__':
    print("this's main function!") 
	objectList = [3,5,6,784,23,243,3,2543,3]
    getAppointLagerestOrSmallest(3,objectList)
def getAppointLagerestOrSmallest(appointNum,objectList):
    resultList = heapq.nlargest(appointNum,objectList)
    print(resultList)

    resultList = heapq.nsmallest(appointNum,objectList)
    print(resultList)

    portfolio = [
        {'name': 'IBM', 'shares': 100, 'price': 91.1},
        {'name': 'AAPL', 'shares': 50, 'price': 543.22},
        {'name': 'FB', 'shares': 200, 'price': 21.09},
        {'name': 'HPQ', 'shares': 35, 'price': 31.75},
        {'name': 'YHOO', 'shares': 45, 'price': 16.35},
        {'name': 'ACME', 'shares': 75, 'price': 115.65}
    ]
    expensive = heapq.nlargest(1,portfolio,key=lambda s:s['price']) # 按price字段进行排序，返回结果为单条元素
    print("价格最贵为：",expensive) # [{'name': 'AAPL', 'shares': 50, 'price': 543.22}]

    objectList = [3,5,6,784,23,243,3,2543,3]
    it = heapq.heapify(objectList)
    print ('最小值为：',heapq.heappop(objectList)) # 弹出最小的值
    print ('最小值为：',heapq.heappop(objectList)) # 弹出最小的值
    print ('最小值为：',heapq.heappop(objectList)) # 弹出最小的值
    print ('最小值为：',heapq.heappop(objectList)) # 弹出最小的值

OrderedDict可以实现有序字典

代码片段

from collections import OrderedDict

d = OrderedDict()
d['foo'] = 1
d['bar'] = 2
d['spam'] = 3
d['grok'] = 4
for key in d:
	print(key,d[key])
# "foo 1", "bar 2","spam 3","grok 4"

OrderedDict可以让字典保持添加进来的顺序，但是同时对空间的消耗是普通链表的量两倍，因为他需要维护链表的顺序

zip()函数

该函数用于将可迭代的对象作为参数，将对象中对应的元素打包成一个个元组，然后返回由这些元组组成的对象，这样做的好处是节约了不少的内存
代码片段

def zipTest():
    testDict = {
        "Benz":100,
        "BMW":90,
        "AUDI":98,
        "AUDO":99
    }
    print(min(testDict)) #AUDI
    print(min(zip(testDict.values(),testDict.keys()))) # (90, 'BMW')

字典比较方法

代码示例

def dictCompared():
    a = {
        'x':1,
        'y':2,
        'z':3
    }
    b = {
        'w':10,
        'x':11,
        'y':2
    }
    print("相同的key:",a.keys()&b.keys())
    print('a中特有的key:',a.keys()-b.keys())
    print('键值对均相等的:',a.items()&b.items())